Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40824533›Full record

ArticleJournal of robotic surgery2025

Zero-touch laryngoscopy: a six-DOF robotic platform for remote ENT examination.

Muhammad Umair Ahmad Khan, Hina Shahzadi, Muhammad Asad Ullah, Hammad Hassan, Noor Ul Ain

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of robotic surgery, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Muhammad Umair Ahmad KhanDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology (UET) Lahore, Narowal Campus, Narowal, Pakistan. umairsiyal@gmail.com.
Hina ShahzadiDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology (UET) Lahore, Narowal Campus, Narowal, Pakistan.
Muhammad Asad UllahDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology (UET) Lahore, Narowal Campus, Narowal, Pakistan.
Hammad HassanDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology (UET) Lahore, Narowal Campus, Narowal, Pakistan.
Noor Ul AinDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology (UET) Lahore, Narowal Campus, Narowal, Pakistan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study aims to design and evaluate a six-degree-of-freedom (6-DOF) master-slave robotic system for remote, contact-free ENT examination, focusing on safety, efficiency, and user workload. A three-axis Cartesian stage with a three-axis spherical wrist was designed for precise, non-contact laryngoscopy. Six participants (3 experts, 3 novices) performed eight phantom and eight in-vivo trials each. Primary outcomes included task-completion time and subjective workload (NASA-TLX), analysed using mixed-effects ANOVA (α = 0.05). In vivo, experts completed tasks in 300 ± 12 s, compared to 481 ± 18 s for novices (p < 0.001); phantom trials showed similar trends (experts = 125 ± 9 s; novices = 212 ± 15 s, p < 0.001). Experts reported lower NASA-TLX scores (34 ± 7) than novices (47 ± 6, p = 0.02). Learning-curve analysis showed a per-trial time improvement of 2.24 s for experts and 1.13 s for novices. This novel 6-DOF robotic platform enables safe, efficient, and contact-free ENT inspection while reducing the skill barrier for novice users. Its ergonomic master interface and stable spherical-link architecture make it suitable for both clinical deployment and training. Ongoing work includes integration of haptic feedback and multi-centre clinical validation.

Indexed as

LaryngoscopyRobotic Surgical ProceduresAdultClinical CompetenceEquipment DesignFemaleHumansLearning CurveMalePhantoms, ImagingWorkloadMedical roboticsRemote ENT examinationRobotic endoscopyRobotic laryngoscopyZero-touch laryngoscopy

Identifiers

PMID40824533

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.