ArticleJournal of clinical and experimental dentistry2025
Surface microhardness and depth of cure in bulk fill resin composites with and without preheating: An
Article in Journal of clinical and experimental dentistry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Influence of high-power light-curing modes on the mechanical and optical properties of no-cap bulk-fill resin composites.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- A Narrative Review of the Material Properties, Clinical Efficacy, and Developmental Prospects of Bulk-Fill Resin-Based Composites.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dentistry · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Preheating bulk-fill resins reduces their viscosity, facilitates their adaptation, and improves polymerization by accelerating the activity of photoinitiators. This would allow for more efficient application and deeper curing. The study's objective was to compare the surface microhardness and depth of cure of three bulk-fill composite resins with and without preheating. Material and Methods: Sixty samples were prepared from three different materials, Aura Bulk Fill, Filtek One Bulk Fill, and Opus Bulk Fill, in standardized molds. A Vickers electronic hardness tester was used to measure the surface microhardness. The depth of cure was calculated using the upper-to-lower microhardness ratio for each sample. Robust Student's T was used to compare two independent measures, and Welch's robust ANOVA was used to compare more than two independent measures with Games Howell's post hoc. Significance was set at Results: It was observed that the preheated Aura Bulk Fill and Filtek One Bulk Fill resins had significantly higher surface microhardness than the same resins without preheating ( Conclusions: Preheating significantly increased the surface microhardness in Aura Bulk Fill and Filtek One Bulk Fill resin, while it caused the opposite effect in Opus Bulk Fill resin. In addition, preheating did not increase the depth of cure of each Bulk Fill resin evaluated. Finally, with and without preheating, Filtek One Bulk Fill resin presented higher surface microhardness and depth of cure than Aura Bulk Fill and Opus Bulk Fill resins.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.