Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40823099›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in oncology2025

Beliefs about causes of cancer among students around the world.

Judyta Bordakiewicz, Donata Pokorska, Daria Cieniawa, Mateusz Mikołajczyk, Anita Mikołajczyk, Monika Rucińska, Karolina Osowiecka

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Judyta BordakiewiczStudent Scientific Circle Epidemiological Research, School of Public Health, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland.
Donata PokorskaStudent Scientific Circle Epidemiological Research, School of Public Health, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland.
Daria CieniawaStudent Scientific Circle Epidemiological Research, School of Public Health, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland.
Mateusz MikołajczykFaculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
Anita MikołajczykDepartment of Psychology and Sociology of Health and Public Health, School of Public Health, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland.
Monika RucińskaDepartment of Oncology, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland.
Karolina OsowieckaDepartment of Psychology and Sociology of Health and Public Health, School of Public Health, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Early prevention, especially among young adolescence, could reduce cancer incidence. The aim of the study was to assess beliefs on cancer risk factors among students. Material and methods: The study was conducted among 761 Polish students and 140 students from 32 other countries. The study was provided using an original, validated questionnaire. Results: The most commonly indicated cancer risk factors by both Polish and foreign students were smoking cigarettes, drinking alcohol, sunbathing/using tanning beds, exposure to ionizing radiation, diet, and exposure to harmful occupational factors. There is a gap in knowledge concerning some other risk factors: low physical activity, viral infection, and hormonal contraception. Students indicated genetic factors and smoking as a main cancer causes. Medical students were more aware of different cancer risk factors compared with non-medical students. Nationality (Polish/foreign), medical field of study, female, having cancer patient among friends/family, and living in bigger city were significantly associated with beliefs about different cancer risk factors. Conclusion: Medical students demonstrated better knowledge about cancer causes than non-medical students, but it seems that the genetic factor is overestimated by students. It is necessary to provide education even among teenagers to increase cancer prevention. Special attention in raising awareness should be paid to cancer risk factors of physical inactivity and viral infection.

Indexed as

cancer preventioncancer risk factorsgenetic factorslifestylestudents

Identifiers

PMID40823099
PMCPMC12353720

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.