ArticleBiochemia medica2025
Association of inflammatory markers with depression and anxiety in female patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome.
Article in Biochemia medica, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Discordance Between Ultrasonographic and Clinical Outcomes After Corticosteroid Injection in Sjögren's Disease-Associated Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Agomelatine for Sjögren's syndrome: a study on its therapeutic effects and mechanisms.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Article
- When Dryness Extends to the Brain: Brain-Related Non-Sicca Manifestations of Sjögren's Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
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5 authors.
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Abstract
Introduction: Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting exocrine glands and is frequently accompanied by depression and anxiety. Proinflammatory cytokines, particularly interleukin 6 (IL-6), have been implicated in the pathogenesis of both pSS and mood disorders. This study aimed to assess the association between inflammatory markers, disease activity, and psychological symptoms in patients with pSS. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 60 female patients diagnosed with pSS at Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center between 2019 and 2021. Depression and anxiety were evaluated using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Inflammatory biomarkers (erythrocyte sedimentation rate, rheumatoid factor, ferritin, fibrinogen, CRP, C3, C4, IL-6) and disease activity indices (ESSDAI, ESSPRI) were analyzed. Statistical analyses, including logistic regression, were applied to determine independent predictors of depression and anxiety. Results: Depression was detected in 39/60 of patients, while 34/60 exhibited anxiety symptoms. Patients with either depression or anxiety had significantly higher IL-6 concentration (P < 0.001 and P = 0.002, respectively). Logistic regression identified IL-6 as an independent predictor of depression (OR = 3.23, 95%CI: 1.07 - 9.80, P = 0.038), while ESSPRI fatigue was a significant predictor of anxiety (OR = 2.01, 95%CI: 1.13 - 3.58, P = 0.018). Conclusions: The findings suggest that IL-6 could be a predictor of pSS-related depression, potentially serving as a biomarker for this extraglandular manifestation and ESSPRI fatigue as a predictor for anxiety.
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