Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40821873›Full record

ArticleACS polymers Au2025

Enhanced Antifungal Efficacy through Controlled Delivery of Amphotericin B Loaded in Polyetheramine-Epoxide Nanogels.

Julia S Reinaldi, Heber E Andrada, Ana F A P Cunha, Bruno A Fico, Felipe B Alves, Renato P Orenha, Renato L T Parreira, Regina H Pires, Fabián Vaca Chávez, Carolina E Tissera and 4 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in ACS polymers Au, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Julia S ReinaldiUniversidade de Franca, Av. Dr. Armando Salles Oliveira 201, Franca, SP 14404-600, Brazil.
Heber E AndradaUniversidade de Franca, Av. Dr. Armando Salles Oliveira 201, Franca, SP 14404-600, Brazil.
Ana F A P CunhaUniversidade de Franca, Av. Dr. Armando Salles Oliveira 201, Franca, SP 14404-600, Brazil.
Bruno A FicoUniversidade de Franca, Av. Dr. Armando Salles Oliveira 201, Franca, SP 14404-600, Brazil.
Felipe B AlvesUniversidade de Franca, Av. Dr. Armando Salles Oliveira 201, Franca, SP 14404-600, Brazil.
Renato P OrenhaUniversidade de Franca, Av. Dr. Armando Salles Oliveira 201, Franca, SP 14404-600, Brazil.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7285-8098
Renato L T ParreiraUniversidade de Franca, Av. Dr. Armando Salles Oliveira 201, Franca, SP 14404-600, Brazil.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5623-9833
Regina H PiresUniversidade de Franca, Av. Dr. Armando Salles Oliveira 201, Franca, SP 14404-600, Brazil.
Fabián Vaca ChávezUniversidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0946-5109
Carolina E TisseraUniversidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina.
O Fernando SilvaUniversidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina.
Mariana A FernandezUniversidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina.
Aline R PassosBrazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory, Brazilian Centre for Research in Energy and Materials, 13083-1000 Campinas, Brazil.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2889-941X
Eduardo F MolinaUniversidade de Franca, Av. Dr. Armando Salles Oliveira 201, Franca, SP 14404-600, Brazil.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3574-2923

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Polymeric nanomaterials have emerged as promising carriers for drug delivery systems, offering improved therapeutic efficacy and reduced toxicity. In this study, we present an environmentally friendly and scalable approach for engineering nanogels as an innovative delivery platform for Amphotericin B (AmB), which is a potent antifungal agent. The nanogel system, named NanoT, was synthesized via an amine-epoxide reaction, enabling effective encapsulation and sustained release of AmB. Comprehensive physicochemical characterization was conducted using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), ζ potential analysis, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and synchrotron-based ultra-small angle X-ray scattering (USAXS). These analyses confirmed the successful formation of spherical nanogels and provided insights into their structural features. Additionally, molecular simulations indicated noncovalent interactions between AmB and the nanogel particles, supporting polymer-drug interactions. The NanoT system achieved an AmB loading capacity of approximately 55%. Notably, encapsulation promoted the formation of AmB superaggregates, which facilitated a controlled release of the active drug, leading to a 4-fold enhancement in antifungal activity. Mechanistic studies suggest that the antifungal efficacy of NanoT is attributed to both the sustained release of AmB and the electrostatic interactions with fungal cell surfaces. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential of amine-epoxide-based nanogels as effective carriers for antifungal therapeutics and contributes significantly to the development of advanced polymer-based drug delivery systems.

Indexed as

antifungalclick reactiondrug loadingnanogelspherical particlessustainable releaseultra-small angle X-ray scattering

Identifiers

PMID40821873
PMCPMC12355616

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.