ReviewFrontiers in immunology2025
Choline in immunity: a key regulator of immune cell activation and function.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Serum metabolomic profiling reveals load-specific adaptations to resistance training.Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society · 2026Article
- Article
- Dietary Choline and Betaine Intake and 2-year Changes in Cognitive Function in Older Adults With Overweight or Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome: A Prospective Cohort Analysis.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Article
- Phase-engineered MoSJournal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Estrogen deprivation induces hepatic inflammation, Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1, tryptophan catabolism, and plasma cholesterol.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The impact of ERAP1 inhibition on metabolite homeostasis of melanoma cells.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Nauclea officinalis extract rescues working memory deficits in adolescent maternal immune activation offspring by restoring cholinergic signaling.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Article
- Metabolomic Profiling of Middle Ear Effusion Suggests a Predominant Influence of Age over Viscosity: An HR-MAS NMR Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Disease and Medication Context Shape Ex Vivo Metabolite Stability: A Pilot Study in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Metabolites · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Nutrient availability is a strong determinant of cell function. Immune cells, which must rapidly activate transcriptional, proteomic, and metabolic programs to fulfill their functional roles, depend on nutrient supply to generate the building blocks needed for the production of immune effectors. While glucose, glutamine, and amino acids are well-recognized as critical energy sources and carbon donors during immune activation, the contribution of choline, a vitamin-like metabolite, has been overlooked. Once taken up by cells, choline plays a vital role in several biological processes. It is a precursor for phosphatidylcholine, the primary phospholipid in cellular membranes, and is also essential for synthesizing the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Additionally, when directed toward mitochondria and betaine synthesis, choline serves as a methyl donor for histone and protein methylation, key processes that regulate gene expression and cellular activity. In this review, we examine the latest research on how immune cells utilize and metabolize choline, as well as its broader implications for immune-related disorders and overall human health. We also discuss recent and ongoing clinical studies investigating the effects of choline supplementation and the potential use of choline-derived metabolites as biomarkers for therapy response.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.