ArticleFrontiers in immunology2025
Mechanically induced development and maturation of 3D
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Construction and application of mammary and breast cancer organoids.Cell insight · 2026Review
- Advances in the Research and Development of Breast Cancer Organoids.Oncology research · 2026Review
- Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Breast cancer comprises diverse histological and molecular subtypes, each characterized by distinct biological behaviors and therapeutic responses. So, to unravel the biological complexity of cancer tissue, we must research it down to the heterogeneous cell level, where one can investigate and deconstruct the molecular and biochemical characteristics of various cell types (Fibroblast, Endothelial Cells, and Cancer Stem cells). Unfortunately, advancements have been hindered due to the absence of thorough methods for identifying, isolating, and cultivating all patient-derived organoids (PDOs) types from various tissues. Personalized therapy in the form of PDOs represents a promising approach to advance therapeutic outcomes. This study aims to replicate the cellular and molecular heterogeneity of breast cancer by examining multiple cell types within PDOs and their contributions to tumor progression and metastasis. Methods: We developed and characterized 3D in vitro PDO models from breast cancer tissues, encompassing various subtypes including ER+, PR+, and HER2+ tumors. We have sought to comprehend the fundamental nature of the various breast cancer cell types uncover the biology underlying their inherent characteristics, the outcomes of their interactions, and the contributions they provide to the metastatic potential. The IHC finding showed the positive expression for B cells (CD20), luminal epithelial cells (CD24), leukocytes infiltrating cells (CD45), mesenchymal stem cells (CD73, CD90, 105), vascular endothelial cells (CD34, CD105), EMT (E-cadherin), and fibroblast (Fibronectin, collagen, laminin) markers. In addition, we provide a new IHC/IF antibody panel and a stringent identification that can address significant breast cancer cells. Oxidative stress biomarkers and secretome analysis patterns were analyzed to identify the release pattern of variable pro-inflammatory growth cytokines produced by the endothelial and cancer stem cells. Results: The IHC finding showed the positive expression for B cells (CD20), luminal epithelial cells (CD24), leukocytes infiltrating cells (CD45), mesenchymal stem cells (CD73, CD90, 105), vascular endothelial cells (CD34, CD105), EMT (E-cadherin), and fibroblast (Fibronectin, collagen, laminin) markers. In addition, we provide a new IHC/IF antibody panel and a stringent identification that can address significant breast cancer cells. Oxidative stress biomarkers and secretome analysis patterns were analyzed to identify the release pattern of variable pro-inflammatory growth cytokines produced by the endothelial and cancer stem cells. Discussion: The findings revealed the diverse fibroblast heterogeneity and variable epithelial to molecular profiles consistent with the original breast tumor. These 3D
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.