ArticleFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology2025
Biomimetic periosteum combining BMP-2-loaded M2 macrophage-derived exosomes for enhanced bone defect repair.
Article in Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Research progress on the effects of macrophage‑derived exosomes on muscle factors IGF‑1 and FGF‑2 mediating musculoskeletal crosstalk molecular signaling pathway on bone metabolism (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Functionalized GelMA-based hydrogels for osteoimmunomodulation and bone regeneration.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Adaptive hydrogel platforms for infected bone defect repair: microenvironmental responsiveness, osteoimmunomodulation, and regenerative remodeling.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
- From support to homeostatic licensing: the bidirectional fibroblast-macrophage circuit and its central role in tissue homeostasis and fibrosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Exosomes as Precise Regulators of the Osteoimmune Microenvironment: Engineering Strategies for Bone Regeneration.Biomaterials research · 2026Review
- Application and Progress of Loading Strategies in Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Bone defect repair continues to present a significant clinical challenge due to the limitations of traditional grafting techniques and the complexity involved in establishing a conducive regenerative microenvironment. In this study, we described the development of a multifunctional biomimetic periosteum based on electrospun gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) membranes functionalized with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2)-loaded M2 macrophage-derived exosomes. This engineered periosteum replicated the structural orientation and functional properties of natural periosteum, thereby providing a synergistic approach to promoting bone regeneration. Our findings indicated that the biomimetic periosteum served as a biocompatible scaffold that supported cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. The incorporation of M2 macrophage-derived exosomes facilitated the creation of an anti-inflammatory immune microenvironment by polarizing macrophages towards the M2 phenotype, while the sustained release of BMP-2 enhances osteogenic differentiation and mineralization.
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Registered trials
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