Trial reportJournal of diabetes investigation2025
Effects of Tai Chi Chuan on balance function in adults 60 years or older with type 2 diabetes and mild cognitive impairment in China: A secondary analysis of a multi-center randomized clinical trial.
Trial report in Journal of diabetes investigation, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effectiveness of aquatic Tai Chi on balance indicators: a systematic review.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- Mind-body exercise for improving balance, aerobic capacity, walking ability, muscle strength, and mental health in patients with type 2 diabetes: a network meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- Optimal type and dose of exercise to improve cognitive function in healthy and pre-sarcopenic older adults: a bayesian network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.European review of aging and physical activity : official journal of the European Group for Research into Elderly and Physical Activity · 2026Review
- Myofascial pain in older adults: a geroscience-informed framework integrating precision geriatrics and digital therapeutics.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
Abstract
aimsTo investigate the effect of Tai Chi Chuan on balance function in adults 60 years or older with type 2 diabetes and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in China. MATERIALS AND
methodsThis was a three-arm, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial with concealed allocation, assessor blinding, intention-to-treat (ITT), and per-protocol (PP) analysis. 328 adults 60 years or older, with a diagnosis of both type 2 diabetes and MCI, were randomly allocated into Tai Chi Chuan group, fitness walking group, and control group. All three groups were provided with a 30-min diabetes self-management education session, once every 4 weeks, for 24 weeks. In addition, the Tai Chi Chuan group received 24-form simplified Tai Chi Chuan. The fitness walking group received fitness walking training. Both Tai Chi Chuan and fitness walking groups took the training for 60 min/session, three times/week, for 24 weeks in a supervised setting. After completing the 24-week interventions, the participants were encouraged to continue exercise until the 36-week follow-up evaluation. The outcomes were time up and go (TUG) assessments, one leg standing test (OLST), functional reach test (FRT), grip strength, 5 time sit to stand test (5STS), modified fall efficacy scale (MFES), and falls data at baseline, 24 weeks, and 36 weeks follow-up.
resultsAt 36 weeks, the Tai Chi Chuan group was significantly more effective in decreasing the TUG-cognitive-motor (mean difference, -0.72; 95% CI -1.37 to -0.06), OLST (eyes-closed, right leg) (mean difference, 1.02; 95% CI 0.24-1.80), FRT (mean difference, 2.00; 95% CI 0.57-3.42), 5STS (mean difference, -0.66; 95% CI -1.28 to -0.04), and MFES (mean difference, 0.36; 95% CI 0.15-0.56) compared with the fitness walking group. The Tai Chi Chuan group showed significantly fewer total falls during 36-week experimental period compared with the fitness walking group. PP analysis demonstrated similar results as the ITT analysis.
conclusionsAmong the older adults with type 2 diabetes and MCI, Tai Chi Chuan was more effective than fitness walking and control at improving balance function and reducing fall risk.
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