ArticleAudiology & neuro-otology2026
Mapping the Regenerative Pattern in the Human Tympanic Membrane.
Article in Audiology & neuro-otology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
<p>Introduction: The reason why chronic tympanic membrane (TM) perforations fail to heal is an enigma. A better insight into the premises and cellular events in this process is fundamental. Previous large studies on human TMs are lacking. The main objective of the present study was to map potential stem cells in the human TM and to address the regenerative capacity in the TM keratinocytes. Further, the study aimed to assess the regenerative premises for three regions of the TM: the malleus, the annulus, and the unattached portion of the pars tensa (UPT), including different anatomical levels (inferior, intermediate, and superior) within each region.
methodsTen healthy human TMs were harvested during lateral skull base surgery. Using immunohistochemistry, the TMs were stained for α6 and β1 integrin, CK19, p63, and Ki-67. Semi-quantification was made with two single-blinded observers scoring the staining of the slides. Inter-rater reliability was evaluated with weighted Cohen's kappa, and group differences between the mean grading were further calculated.
resultsAntibodies for α6 and β1 integrin, CK19, p63, and Ki-67 could be detected along the malleus, annulus, and UPT of human TMs displaying diversity in the regenerative capacity of the human TM. The staining of Ki-67 and p63 was more prevalent in the annulus and malleus compared to in the UPT. α6 staining was more prevalent in the annulus, while CK19 staining was more prevalent in the malleus. Finally, several antibodies displayed a higher staining intensity in the inferior anatomical levels of the TM.
conclusionThe present study shows the presence of putative stem cells in all regions of the human TM, with a stronger regenerative capacity close to the annulus and malleus compared to the UPT. These findings may set a baseline for the localization and diversity of putative stem cells in the human TM. </p>.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.