Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40820104›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Evaluation using artificial intelligence shows post pandemic differences in oral reading fluency between Brazilian public and private school students.

Thiago Wendt Viola, Mônica Timm de Carvalho, Rita Carolina Pozzer Krumenauer Padoin, Adriana Justin Cerveira Kampff, Alexandre Vontobel Padoin

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Thiago Wendt ViolaGraduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Avenida Ipiranga 6690-Building 12, Room 804.1, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. thiago.wendt@pucrs.br.
Mônica Timm de CarvalhoGraduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Avenida Ipiranga 6690-Building 12, Room 804.1, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Rita Carolina Pozzer Krumenauer PadoinGraduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Avenida Ipiranga 6690-Building 12, Room 804.1, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Adriana Justin Cerveira KampffGraduate Program in Education, Polytechnic School, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Alexandre Vontobel PadoinGraduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Avenida Ipiranga 6690-Building 12, Room 804.1, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The investigation into differences in academic achievement between private and public school students has long been a focal point. The aim of this study was to compare oral reading fluency between private and public schools in the post-pandemic period. A total of 1296 participants were recruited from various Brazilian cities, spanning from the 2nd to the 5th grade of elementary school. Utilizing an artificial intelligence Universal Language Model from the Azure SST platform, the audio files were analyzed reflecting the commonly spoken language in Portuguese, generating data on words read correctly per minute (WRCM), the percentage of correct words over incorrect words (PCW), average consecutive correct words (CCW), and average silence time between sentences (SBS). Statistical analysis involved linear mixed models followed by pairwise comparisons. The private school segment outperformed the public school segment in WRCM in the 4th grade and in PCW in the 3rd grade. Additionally, private schools were already reaching 5th-grade levels in WRCM during the 4th grade, and this effect was not evident within public schools. No differences were found regarding SBS and CCW. These findings highlight that differences between public and private schools concerning reading fluency may manifest during the early stages of elementary school.

Indexed as

Artificial IntelligenceCOVID-19ReadingSchoolsStudentsBrazilChildFemaleHumansMalePandemicsPrivate SectorPublic SectorArtificial intelligenceLearning outcomesPrivate schoolPublic schoolReading fluency

Identifiers

PMID40820104
PMCPMC12358507

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.