Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40819902›Full record

ArticleSexually transmitted infections2026

Enrique Rayo, Giulia Malingamba, Hanna Marti, Delia Onorini, Cory Ann Leonard, Nicola Low, Benjamin Hampel, Nicole Borel

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Sexually transmitted infections, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Enrique RayoChlamydia Group, University of Zurich Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Zurich, Switzerland enrique.rayo@uzh.ch.ORCID 0000-0002-4497-4339
Giulia MalingambaChlamydia Group, University of Zurich Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Zurich, Switzerland.
Hanna MartiChlamydia Group, University of Zurich Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Zurich, Switzerland.
Delia OnoriniChlamydia Group, University of Zurich Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Zurich, Switzerland.
Cory Ann LeonardChlamydia Group, University of Zurich Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Zurich, Switzerland.
Nicola LowInstitute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-4817-8986
Benjamin HampelDepartment of Public and Global Health, University of Zurich Institute of Epidemiology Biostatistics and Prevention, Zürich, Switzerland.
Nicole BorelChlamydia Group, University of Zurich Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Zurich, Switzerland.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objective

methodsMSM positive for CT or NG on a triple swab (throat, urethra and rectal locations combined) were enrolled. Before treatment, they self-collected anorectal swabs. Bacterial loads for CT/NG were calculated using real-time PCR and compared between single or coinfected individuals, with or without rectal symptoms.

resultsWe enrolled 382 MSM from December 2021 to December 2024. Among all samples: total CT (n=114), total NG (n=125), CT/NG coinfection 29/382 (7.6%). The bacterial loads in single and coinfected samples were comparable. The mean difference between CT alone and CT/NG was 0.40 target copies/mL (95% CI (-0.09 to 0.89), p value=0.107). The mean difference for NG alone and CT/NG was 0.24 copies/mL (95% CI (-0.49 to 0.99), p value=0.498). Among 382 MSM, 15.4% (n=59/382) experienced anorectal symptoms. There was no statistical difference in bacterial burdens between symptomatic and asymptomatic (CT difference of the means 0.52 copies/mL, 95% CI (-0.51 to 1.55); p value=0.313) (NG difference of the means 0.63, CI (0.01 to 1.28); p value=0.05).

conclusionsIn contrast to prior research, we found similar bacterial burdens in anorectal MSM samples with single CT/NG versus coinfection. Further research is needed to understand the clinical implications of CT/NG coinfections. Future studies should investigate factors influencing anorectal CT/NG bacterial burden, transmissibility and susceptibility, including the function of pre-exposure prophylaxis and the rectal microbiota.

Indexed as

Bacterial LoadChlamydia InfectionsChlamydia trachomatisGonorrheaHomosexuality, MaleNeisseria gonorrhoeaePre-Exposure ProphylaxisAdultCoinfectionCross-Sectional StudiesHumansMaleMiddle AgedRectumSexual and Gender MinoritiesYoung AdultChlamydia InfectionsGonorrheaNucleic Acid Amplification TechniquesPre-Exposure Prophylaxis

Identifiers

PMID40819902
PMCPMC12911633

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.