Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40819599›Full record

ReviewBiomaterials2026

Proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) nanomedicines toward cancer treatment: From synthesis to therapeutic delivery.

Yilin Liu, Xiao Zhang, Xiaoyuan Chen, Fuwu Zhang

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Biomaterials, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Supramolecular Degraders: An Emerging Paradigm in Targeted Protein Degradation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Yilin LiuDepartment of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA.
Xiao ZhangDepartment of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA.
Xiaoyuan ChenDepartment of Diagnostic Radiology, Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Theranostics Center of Excellence (TCE), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, And Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore. Electronic address: chen.shawn@nus.edu.sg.
Fuwu ZhangDepartment of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA; The Dr John T. Macdonald Foundation Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA. Electronic address: fxz174@miami.edu.

Funding

Prodrug engineering for enhanced biodistribution and pharmacokineticsR35GM155068 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI CORAL GABLES · PI Fuwu Zhang · 2024 to 2026
$1.1M
NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM155068
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) has emerged as a groundbreaking therapeutic strategy by hijacking the endogenous ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) for targeted protein degradation. These heterobifunctional molecules recruit E3 ligases to recognize the protein of interest (POI) and facilitate its ubiquitination, leading to subsequent proteasomal degradation. Compared to conventional protein inhibitors, PROTACs offer a broader range of target degradation and remain effective even against proteins with drug-resistant mutations. Moreover, PROTACs function in a catalytic manner to degrade POIs, allowing for significantly lower administration dosages. In recent years, PROTACs have shown great promise in cancer therapy due to their high efficiency and broad applicability. However, their clinical applications remain challenging due to low bioavailability, limited tumor-targeting ability, and potential side effects. Utilizing nanomedicine for the delivery of PROTACs offers a promising strategy to enhance bioavailability, improve tumor selectivity, and minimize toxicity, thereby advancing their applications in cancer treatment. In this review, we outline the fundamental design principles of PROTACs, summarize the latest progress of nanomedicines from molecular design to drug delivery for improved tumor treatment, introduce PROTAC-based combination therapies and emerging design strategies, and discuss current challenges and future prospects of PROTAC nanomedicines toward clinical translation.

Indexed as

Antineoplastic AgentsDrug Delivery SystemsNanomedicineNeoplasmsProteolysisAnimalsHumansProteasome Endopeptidase ComplexAntineoplastic AgentsProteasome Endopeptidase ComplexDrug deliveryNanomedicinesProteolysis-targeting chimeraStimuli-responsive prodrugsSynergistic therapy

Identifiers

PMID40819599
PMCPMC13281278

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.