Major sea level fall during the Pliocene M2 glaciation.

Zifei Yang, Caroline H Lear, Stephen Barker, Jonathan Elsey, Edward Gasson, Yair Rosenthal, Sophie M Slater, Amy Thomas-Sparkes

Abstract read

PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher

In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Zifei YangSchool of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK. Zifei.Yang@soton.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3350-6385

Caroline H LearSchool of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7533-4430

Stephen BarkerSchool of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.

Jonathan ElseySchool of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8321-0358

Edward GassonDepartment of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK.

Yair RosenthalDepartment of Marine and Coastal Sciences and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers the State University, New Brunswick, USA.

Sophie M SlaterSchool of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0120-6732

Amy Thomas-SparkesSchool of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.

Funding

RCUK | Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) NE/T007397/2

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The extent of ice growth during the Pliocene M2 glaciation (~3.3 Ma) has been called into question, with benthic foraminiferal oxygen isotope records interpreted primarily as a cooling signal. Here we improve the benthic foraminiferal Mg/Ca paleothermometer, allowing bottom water temperature reconstructions with a precision of ±0.2-0.3°C (1 s.d.). Applying this approach to M2 implies a significant increase in ice volume (~55 m SLE) that was more tightly coupled to a drop in CO

Identifiers

PMID40819061

DOI10.1038/s41467-025-62446-x

PMCPMC12357856

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.