ArticleBMC cancer2025
Clinical efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors for cancer of unknown primary: a multi-center retrospective study.
Article in BMC cancer, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Real-world safety and effectiveness of nivolumab in patients with cancer of unknown primary: results from a nationwide post-marketing surveillance in Japan.International journal of clinical oncology · 2026Observational
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPatients diagnosed with cancer of unknown primary (CUP) have limited treatment options, resulting in a dismal prognosis. The efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in these patients is still unclear.
methodsWe collected the clinical data of these patients retrospectively and multicentrically. In total, 190 patients diagnosed with CUP in 6 hospitals were collected, of which 58 patients received immunotherapy.
resultsThe median overall survival (OS) was 17.3 months. The OS of the ICIs-treated group was significantly longer than that of the non-ICIs group in unfavorable subgroup, 29.27 months and 10.43 months, respectively (HR = 0.435, 95% CI 0.267–0.709; p = 0.0006). In the first-line systemic treatment, the OS and progression-free survival (PFS) in the ICIs group were significantly longer than that of the non-ICIs group. The OS was 45.53 months versus 12.03 months (HR = 0.431, 95% CI 0.259–0.717; p = 0.004), and the PFS was 11.33 months versus 5.43 months (HR = 0.558, 95% CI 0.351–0.889; p = 0.021). The objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) of ICIs group were higher too. Finally, a predictive nomogram model was developed to accurately forecast the response of patients with CUP to ICIs.
conclusionsIn this cohort of unfavorable subgroup, immunotherapy appears to extend the survival of CUP patients who received chemotherapy or systemic therapy. One model could predict the time to recurrence following immunotherapy in the cohort.
trial registrationRetrospective registration of local ethics committees.
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