Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40818989›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Deep neural architectures for Kashmiri-English machine translation.

Syed Matla Ul Qumar, Muzaffar Azim, S M K Quadri, Mohannad Alkanan, Mohammad Shuaib Mir, Yonis Gulzar

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Syed Matla Ul QumarFTK-Centre for Information Technology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India. syed1909832@st.jmi.ac.in.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8023-1946
Muzaffar AzimFTK-Centre for Information Technology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5845-7554
S M K QuadriDepartment of Computer Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6099-9002
Mohannad AlkananDepartment of Management Information systems, College of Business Administration, King Faisal University, 31982, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3736-7749
Mohammad Shuaib MirDepartment of Management Information systems, College of Business Administration, King Faisal University, 31982, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0008-3212-5111
Yonis GulzarDepartment of Management Information systems, College of Business Administration, King Faisal University, 31982, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. ygulzar@kfu.edu.sa.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6515-1569

Funding

Deanship of Scientific Research, the Vice Presidency for Graduate Studies and Scientific Research, King Faisal University KFU252504
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This paper presents the first comprehensive deep learning-based Neural Machine Translation (NMT) framework for the Kashmiri-English language pair. We introduce a high-quality parallel corpus of 270,000 sentence pairs and evaluate three NMT architectures: a basic encoder-decoder model, an attention-enhanced model, and a Transformer-based model. All models are trained from scratch using byte-pair encoded vocabularies and evaluated using BLEU, GLEU, ROUGE, and ChrF + + metrics. The Transformer architecture outperforms RNN-based baselines, achieving a BLEU-4 score of 0.2965 and demonstrating superior handling of long-range dependencies and Kashmiri's morphological complexity. We further provide a structured linguistic error analysis and validate the significance of performance differences through bootstrap resampling. This work establishes the first NMT benchmark for Kashmiri-English translation and contributes a reusable dataset, baseline models, and evaluation methodology for future research in low-resource neural translation.

Identifiers

PMID40818989
PMCPMC12357883

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.