ArticleInternational breastfeeding journal2025
Characteristics and experiences of lactating women with measured low milk production.
Article in International breastfeeding journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Exclusively Pumping Women's Milk Production and Pumping and Feeding Dynamics-An Online Survey.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThis study aimed to compare the characteristics and experiences of women with measured low and normal 24 h milk production.
methodsWe analysed data from a nested case-control study of 136 participants who measured their 24 h milk production within 1-6 months of birth and completed an online survey of lactation risk factors and experiences within 2 years of birth. The study was conducted between January 2020 and March 2024. 24 h milk production, calculated as the sum of all pre-post breastfeed and expression weights, was classified as low (< 600 mL) or normal milk production (≥ 600 mL). The prevalence of anatomical, endocrine/metabolic, pregnancy, birth complications and postpartum lactation risk factors was reported. Further, the experiences of participants that reported low milk production were described.
resultsLow milk production was measured in 39 out of 136 participants (29%). Breast hypoplasia was more prevalent in this group (low milk production 13%; normal milk production 3%; p = 0.03). Of those with measured low milk production 21% perceived production was normal. In participants with measured normal production 28% had perceived low production. Formula use was more common among those with low milk production, and their infants had significantly lower weight-for-age z-scores despite similar birth weights. Qualitative data reflected the stress and effort expended in trying to increase milk production, and 10/26 (39%) rated lactation consultant support as most helpful in managing their milk production.
conclusionsLow milk production is a multifactorial and common concern, affecting nearly one in three breastfeeding women. While some contributing risk factors such as breast hypoplasia were identified, over half of the affected participants had not received an explanation from their healthcare provider. This underscores that low milk production is not always fully explainable or treatable, and highlights the need for personalized supportand further research to improve clinical assessment and effective management.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.