ArticleJACC. Asia2025
South Asian Representation in Cardiovascular Disease Randomized Controlled Trials: A Systematic Review.
Article in JACC. Asia, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Drivers of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in South Asians: Current Insights and Future Directions.JACC. Asia · 2026Review
- Article
- Bridging Evidence Gaps: South Asian and African Enrollment in Cardiovascular Clinical Trials.JACC. Asia · 2026Article
- Are Current Lipid Guidelines Adequate for South Asian Patients? A Narrative Review.Global heart · 2026Review
- Reply: Powering Evidence and Bridging Gaps on South Asian and African Enrollment in Cardiovascular RCTs.JACC. Asia · 2026Article
- From Representation to Relevance: Powering South Asian Evidence in Cardiovascular RCTs.JACC. Asia · 2026Article
- Heart Failure in Asian Populations.JACC. Asia · 2025Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundOne in 4 individuals worldwide is of South Asian ancestry and is therefore at increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, South Asian representation in CVD randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is not well known.
objectivesThe aim of this systematic review was to measure South Asian representation in CVD RCTs and extract post-randomization primary outcome estimates for this population.
methodsWe conducted a systematic review to identify major CVD RCTs published between 2018 and 2022. Each study was manually screened and reviewed to identify South Asian participants and representation rates. The protocol for this systematic review was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (South Asian Representation in Cardiovascular Clinical Trials; CRD42023396522).
resultsWe included 310 RCTs, representing 1,036,737 total and 32,764 (3.2%) South Asian participants. Most South Asian participants (75.4%) were enrolled in trials in South Asia, and 65.2% were enrolled in a single trial in India. After excluding this trial, South Asian individuals represented 1.1% of total trial participants. South Asian representation was highest in trials studying coronary artery disease (9.0%), whereas no South Asian individuals were identified in trials studying heart failure, cardiac arrest, or valvular heart disease. Post-randomization data were available for 28,197 South Asian individuals, representing 7.3% of all participants with post-randomization data.
conclusionsSouth Asian individuals are underrepresented in major CVD RCTs, and efforts to extend enrollment initiatives in RCTs to South Asian individuals are urgently needed. The extent to which this underrepresentation is a driver of elevated cardiovascular disease risk merits further study.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.