Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40817437›Full record

ArticleSmall methods2026

Discrimination of Tryptophan Enantiomers at Sub-pm Level by Multiparametric Analysis of a Label-Free Organic Immunosensor.

Matteo Genitoni, Pierpaolo Greco, Alessandro Paradisi, Matteo Sensi, Marcello Berto, Mauro Murgia, Michele Di Lauro, Carlo Augusto Bortolotti, Luciano Fadiga, Fabio Biscarini

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Small methods, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Matteo GenitoniCenter for Translational Neurophysiology of Speech and Communication, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Ferrara, 44121, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4979-4302
Pierpaolo GrecoCenter for Translational Neurophysiology of Speech and Communication, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Ferrara, 44121, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1948-5808
Alessandro ParadisiCenter for Translational Neurophysiology of Speech and Communication, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Ferrara, 44121, Italy.
Matteo SensiLife Science Department, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, 41125, Italy.
Marcello BertoCenter for Translational Neurophysiology of Speech and Communication, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Ferrara, 44121, Italy.
Mauro MurgiaCenter for Translational Neurophysiology of Speech and Communication, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Ferrara, 44121, Italy.
Michele Di LauroCenter for Translational Neurophysiology of Speech and Communication, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Ferrara, 44121, Italy.
Carlo Augusto BortolottiLife Science Department, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, 41125, Italy.
Luciano FadigaCenter for Translational Neurophysiology of Speech and Communication, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Ferrara, 44121, Italy.
Fabio BiscariniCenter for Translational Neurophysiology of Speech and Communication, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Ferrara, 44121, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6648-5803

Funding

HORIZON EUROPE European Innovation Council 101098597Marie Sklodowska-Curie ITN projects "BORGES" 813863Ministero della Salute PNRR-POC-2022-12376380Ministero dell'Università e Ricerca PNRR-M4C2-I1.3ProjectPE_00000019"HEALITALIA"Neurosciences and Rehabilitation Department of University of FerraraUniversità degli Studi di Ferrara FIRD2024
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Electrolyte-gated organic transistors (EGOTs) exponentially amplify minute polarization changes at the gate electrode into the channel current. Antibodies grafted on the EGOT gate electrode enable specific recognition of target species, yet this strategy may not be sufficient per se to resolve the target from its antagonists. Here, a label-free EGOT immunosensor is functionalized with the antibody anti-L-enantiomer of Tryptophan (Trp), exhibiting sensitivity to Trp chirality. Nevertheless, the relative current change in transfer curves does not unambiguously differentiate L from D enantiomers in the concentration range 1 fm to 10 nm. To overcome this limitation, a multivariate principal component analysis (PCA) is applied on the set of renormalized parameters, extracted from the whole transfer curves according to our recent EGOT model: both L and D enantiomers are neatly separated by the sign of their principal components. Enantiomeric discrimination onset is 1 and 10 pm at 90% level of confidence and prediction, respectively, at least one order of magnitude lower than the enantiodiscrimination levels previously reported with EGOT biosensor. The same analysis performed on the best fit dose curves allows to discriminate L and D enantiomers down to the unprecedented level of detection of 100 fm.

Indexed as

Biosensing TechniquesTryptophanImmunoassayPrincipal Component AnalysisStereoisomerismTransistors, ElectronicTryptophanelectrode functionalizationenantioselectionorganic electronicsprincipal component analysistryptophan

Identifiers

PMID40817437
PMCPMC12893247

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.