Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40817341›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Insect frass fertilizer upregulates maize defence genes and resistance against an invasive herbivore pest.

Daniel Munyao Mutyambai, Johnstone Mutiso Mutua, Abdul A Jalloh, Dennis Beesigamukama, Andre Kessler, Sevgan Subramanian, Thomas Dubois, Sunday Ekesi, Chrysantus M Tanga

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In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Daniel Munyao MutyambaiInternational Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O Box 30772- 00100, Nairobi, Kenya. dmutyambai@icipe.org.
Johnstone Mutiso MutuaInternational Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O Box 30772- 00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
Abdul A JallohInternational Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O Box 30772- 00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
Dennis BeesigamukamaInternational Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O Box 30772- 00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
Andre KesslerDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
Sevgan SubramanianInternational Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O Box 30772- 00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
Thomas DuboisInternational Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O Box 30772- 00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
Sunday EkesiInternational Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O Box 30772- 00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
Chrysantus M TangaInternational Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O Box 30772- 00100, Nairobi, Kenya.

Funding

Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research LS/2020/154European Union DCI-FOOD/2017/IKEA Foundation DN00151
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The black soldier fly frass fertilizer (BSFFF) has gained global attention as a multipurpose input for soil fertilization and pest and disease management. However, there are limited studies that have examined its effects on insect pest resistance and the underlying mechanisms. We investigated the impact of amending soil with BSFFF on maize growth, defense gene expression and resistance to a polyphagous insect herbivore, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) through larval feeding assay. Maize growth was evaluated by measuring plant height, chlorophyll concentration, and biomass accumulation in soils amended with BSFFF, synthetic fertilizers (Di-ammonium phosphate and Calcium ammonium nitrate) and unfertilized soils at various growth stages. Larval feeding assays were conducted using leaf discs from maize plants grown in different amended soils. The expression level of three maize defense genes: pathogenesis related protein 5 (pr-5), maize proteinase inhibitors (mpi), and lipoxygenase 3 (lox-3) were analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) while yield was assessed through a field trial over two cropping seasons. Maize plants grown in BSFFF amended soils showed 30% more growth, higher chlorophyll, 0.93-2.86 t ha

Indexed as

FertilizersHerbivoryPlant Defense Against HerbivorySpodopteraZea maysAnimalsGene Expression Regulation, PlantLarvaPlant ProteinsSoilFertilizersPlant ProteinsSoilBlack soldier fly frass fertilizerInsect resistanceMaizePlant defense genesPlant performanceSpodoptera frugiperda

Identifiers

PMID40817341
PMCPMC12356861

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.