Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40817280›Full record

ArticleNPJ digital medicine2025

Establishing organizational AI governance in healthcare: a case study in Canada.

Jee Young Kim, Alifia Hasan, Jacqueline Kueper, Terence Tang, Chris Hayes, Benjamin Fine, Suresh Balu, Mark Sendak

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PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in NPJ digital medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Jee Young KimDuke Institute for Health Innovation, Durham, NC, USA. jee.young.kim@duke.edu.
Alifia HasanDuke Institute for Health Innovation, Durham, NC, USA.
Jacqueline KueperTrillium Health Partners, Mississauga, ON, Canada.
Terence TangTrillium Health Partners, Mississauga, ON, Canada.
Chris HayesTrillium Health Partners, Mississauga, ON, Canada.
Benjamin Fine *Trillium Health Partners, Mississauga, ON, Canada.
Suresh Balu *Duke Institute for Health Innovation, Durham, NC, USA.
Mark Sendak *Duke Institute for Health Innovation, Durham, NC, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This research applies the People, Process, Technology, and Operations (PPTO) framework to develop AI governance within a large hospital system in Canada that is early in AI adoption. Stakeholder interviews identified the organization's strengths, gaps, and priorities for AI governance, providing foundational insights into the organization's readiness and needs. Co-design workshops then adapted the PPTO framework to the organization's specific context. Together, these efforts led to the creation of policies and the formation of an AI governance committee within the organization. This work demonstrates that the PPTO framework is a practical and adaptable tool for developing AI governance in real-world healthcare settings. It also addresses a critical gap in the field by generating empirical evidence of how a conceptual AI governance framework can be implemented within healthcare delivery organizations to drive organizational change.

Identifiers

PMID40817280
PMCPMC12356831

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.