ArticleImmunology2026
Tertiary Lymphoid Structures Predict Prognosis and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Efficacy in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma.
Article in Immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Immunotherapy for Glioma: A compartmental framework for resistance and rational combination design.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2026Review
- Tertiary lymphoid structures in neoadjuvant and perioperative cancer immunotherapy: a review and proposed framework for biomarker interpretation and validation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Tertiary Lymphoid Structures Predict Prognosis and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Efficacy in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Immunology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) is a highly mortal cancer. Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) play a crucial role in creating a specific and essential environment for the development of cellular and humoral immune responses against tumours. This study investigated the effect of TLSs on prognosis and the prediction of immunotherapy efficacy in LUSC. To investigate the association between TLSs and clinicopathological features, haematoxylin and eosin staining and multiple immunofluorescence staining were performed. A comparative examination of survival and the factors influencing it was carried out between the TLS-/+, high and low TLS density, immature tertiary lymphoid structures (imTLS) and mature tertiary lymphoid structures (mTLS) groups of patients. To further analyse the prognostic value of TLSs in the immunotherapy cohort of patients with LUSC, two hundred and ninety-seven patients with LUSC were enrolled in this study. Of these, 129 patients were harbouring TLS+. Cramer's V relationships analysis revealed that both Stage (p = 0.029) and PD-L1 ≥ 50% (p = 0.011) were significant predictors of TLS+. Cox proportional hazards model multivariate analysis showed that the TLS+ (p = 0.037), high TLS density (p = 0.014) and mTLS (p = 0.001) were associated with better overall survival (OS) in LUSC patients. Multivariate analyses confirmed that TLS+ was an independent prognostic predictor for OS in the LUSC immunotherapy cohort (p = 0.021). This study provided evidence that LUSC patients with TLS+, high TLS density and mTLS had a favourable prognosis, suggesting that TLSs are an independent positive prognostic factor for LUSC patients.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.