Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40815785›Full record

ArticleJMIRx med2025

Willingness to Pay for the COVID-19 Vaccine and Its Correlates in Bangladesh: Cross-Sectional Study.

Mohammad Bellal Hossain, Md Zakiul Alam, Md Syful Islam, Shafayat Sultan, Md Mahir Faysal, Sharmin Rima, Md Anwer Hossain, Abdullah Al Mamun, Abdullah-Al- Mamun

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in JMIRx med, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Mohammad Bellal HossainDepartment of Population Sciences, University of Dhaka, Third Floor, Arts Faculty Building, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh, 880 01766517002.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4615-5086
Md Zakiul AlamDepartment of Population Sciences, University of Dhaka, Third Floor, Arts Faculty Building, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh, 880 01766517002.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0958-0147
Md Syful IslamDepartment of Population Sciences, University of Dhaka, Third Floor, Arts Faculty Building, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh, 880 01766517002.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9710-2377
Shafayat SultanDepartment of Population Sciences, University of Dhaka, Third Floor, Arts Faculty Building, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh, 880 01766517002.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9622-1048
Md Mahir FaysalDepartment of Population Sciences, University of Dhaka, Third Floor, Arts Faculty Building, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh, 880 01766517002.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-5889
Sharmin RimaDepartment of Population Sciences, University of Dhaka, Third Floor, Arts Faculty Building, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh, 880 01766517002.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1956-2612
Md Anwer HossainLaboratory of Fertility and Wellbeing, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8728-5250
Abdullah Al MamunDepartment of Social Relations, East West University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0126-4756
Abdullah-Al- MamunDepartment of Japanese Studies, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9885-8109

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: The Government of Bangladesh offers COVID-19 vaccines at no cost; however, sustaining this free vaccination program for a large population poses significant challenges. Thus, assessing the willingness to pay (WTP) for the COVID-19 vaccine is essential for understanding potential pricing strategies, subsidy requirements, and vaccine demand. Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of WTP for the COVID-19 vaccine and its correlates. Methods: A cross-sectional design was used to collect data from 1497 respondents through web-based platform and face-to-face interviews. Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze the correlates of the WTP. Results: The results showed that 772 of 1497 (51.6%) participants were willing to pay for the COVID-19 vaccine, with a median of 300 BDT (IQR 150-500 BDT; a currency exchange rate of 1 BDT=US $0.008 is applicable). The WTP was significantly higher among individuals with a graduate degree (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.98, 95% CI 1.14-3.45) or master's and MPhil or PhD-level education (aOR 1.93, 95% CI 1.07-3.48) and those with higher knowledge about the vaccine (aOR 1.09, 95% CI 1.02-1.15), positive behavioral practices (aOR 1.11, 95% CI 1.06-1.17), stronger subjective norms regarding COVID-19 vaccine (aOR 1.25, 95% CI 1.08-1.46), and higher anticipated regret of getting infected with COVID-19 (aOR 1.17, 95% CI 1.04-1.32). Conversely, WTP was lower among participants with negative attitudes toward vaccines (aOR 0.91, 95% CI 0.88-0.95) and high perceived behavioral control regarding COVID-19 vaccination (aOR 0.86, 95% CI 0.76-0.96; P=.006). Conclusions: With nearly half of the respondents unwilling to pay, this study highlights the need to improve vaccine-related knowledge and enhance income-based affordability to increase WTP. Health promotion efforts should focus on disseminating knowledge about vaccines and addressing negative perceptions. Additionally, a subsidized program for low-income groups can help mitigate financial barriers and promote equitable access to vaccines.

Indexed as

BangladeshCOVID-19cross-sectional studyfinancialinfectious diseasespublic healthpublic safetyvaccineswillingness to pay

Identifiers

PMID40815785
PMCPMC12356522

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.