ArticleLasers in medical science2025
An in vitro study on the remineralization effects of er, cr: YSGG laser combined with fluoride varnish on enamel.
Article in Lasers in medical science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the synergistic effects of Er, Cr: YSGG laser and fluoride varnish (Duraphat) on the remineralization of demineralized enamel in vitro. The study further compared the combined treatment with the individual effects of the laser and Duraphat, providing a theoretical foundation and technical insights for early caries management. A randomized controlled study was conducted, involving 50 extracted teeth assigned to four groups: control, laser only, Duraphat only, and a combination of laser and Duraphat. Following standardized demineralization protocols, samples underwent respective remineralization treatments. The mineralization level was quantified using a DIAGNOdent pen, and enamel surface microstructural changes were assessed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and paired-sample t-tests, with statistical significance set at P < 0.05. The laser and Duraphat combination group exhibited the most pronounced remineralization effects, as indicated by a significant reduction in DIAGNOdent values (P < 0.05), outperforming both the laser-only and Duraphat-only groups. SEM analysis demonstrated uniform and dense crystal deposition on the enamel surface, nearly sealing demineralized pores. In contrast, the Duraphat group showed surface-concentrated crystal deposition with limited depth, while the laser group primarily improved enamel surface microstructure without significantly increasing mineralization depth. No notable changes were observed in the control group.The combination of Er, Cr: YSGG laser and Duraphat significantly enhances remineralization by optimizing enamel microstructure and improving fluoride penetration depth and mineralization efficiency, surpassing the efficacy of individual treatments.
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