Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40815109›Full record

ArticleRespiration; international review of thoracic diseases2026

Osteoprotegerin Is Elevated in Pulmonary Fibrosis and Associates with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Progression: A Pilot Study.

Habibie Habibie, Kurnia S S Putri, Carian E Boorsma, David M Brass, Peter Heukels, Marlies Wijsenbeek, Mirjam Kool, Maarten van den Berge, Theo Borghuis, Annalicia Vaughan and 11 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Pulmonary long-term consequences of COVID-19 infections after hospital discharge.Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases · 2021
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

21 authors.

Habibie HabibieFaculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia.
Kurnia S S PutriDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Carian E BoorsmaUniversity Medical Centre Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
David M BrassPulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Centre, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Peter HeukelsErasmus MC, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Marlies WijsenbeekErasmus MC, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Mirjam KoolErasmus MC, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Maarten van den BergeUniversity Medical Centre Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Theo BorghuisDepartment of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Annalicia VaughanCentre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Tamera CorteDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Centre of Research Excellence for Pulmonary Fibrosis, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Gang LiuCentre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Corry-Anke BrandsmaUniversity Medical Centre Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
C Tji GanDepartment of Pulmonary Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Peter OlingaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Wim TimensUniversity Medical Centre Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Nicolas KahnCentre for Interstitial and Rare Lung Diseases, Pneumology, Thoraxklinik, University of Heidelberg and German Centre for Lung Research, Heidelberg, Germany.
Philip M HansbroCentre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Michael KreuterCentre for Interstitial and Rare Lung Diseases, Pneumology, Thoraxklinik, University of Heidelberg and German Centre for Lung Research, Heidelberg, Germany.
Janette K BurgessUniversity Medical Centre Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Barbro N MelgertDepartment of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, b.n.melgert@rug.nl.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

<p>Introduction: Osteoprotegerin (OPG), a decoy receptor for receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), serves as a biomarker for liver fibrosis severity. Our recent findings show OPG production in fibrotic lung tissue, though its specific cellular source and role in pulmonary fibrosis are unknown. We hypothesized that OPG is produced by fibroblasts and serves as a marker for pulmonary fibrosis progression.

methodsWe examined OPG expression in human and mouse control and fibrotic lung tissue and used primary human lung fibroblasts and murine precision-cut lung slices to study OPG production. Serum from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients and controls was analyzed to investigate correlations between OPG levels and disease status, as measured by lung function.

resultsOPG-protein levels were significantly higher in murine and human fibrotic lung tissue compared to control. OPG-protein levels in fibrotic mouse lung tissue correlated positively with collagen deposition. OPG-mRNA and protein production increased in mouse lung slices upon TGFβ stimulation. Isolated lung fibroblasts from IPF patients produced more OPG-protein than controls. Serum OPG levels in IPF patients negatively correlated with diffusing capacity to carbon monoxide. Serum OPG levels above 1,243 pg/mL were linked to disease progression in IPF patients.

conclusionOPG is produced by fibroblasts in lung tissue, associates with fibrosis, and may be a potential prognostic biomarker for IPF progression. Validation in a larger cohort is necessary to further explore OPG's role in pulmonary fibrosis and its potential for assessing fibrotic lung disease prognosis in individual patients. </p>.

Indexed as

FibroblastsIdiopathic Pulmonary FibrosisLungOsteoprotegerinAgedAnimalsBiomarkersCase-Control StudiesDisease ProgressionFemaleHumansMaleMiceMiddle AgedPilot ProjectsBiomarkersOsteoprotegerinBiomarkerDiffusing capacity to carbon monoxideOCIFReceptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligandTNFRSF11BTNFSF11

Identifiers

PMID40815109
PMCPMC12503828

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.