Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40814313›Full record

ArticleExploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy2025

Community pharmacy working conditions: Is stress impacting patient care?

Goar Alvarez, Taylor Harris, Erika Zwachte Fennick, Leanne Lai, Jesús Sánchez, Rawan Alkhamisi

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Goar AlvarezAssistant Dean of Pharmacy Services, Associate professor, PGY-1 Community-Based Pharmacy Residency Program Director, Department of Sociobehavioral and Administrative Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.
Taylor HarrisPGY-1 Community-Based Pharmacy Resident, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.
Erika Zwachte FennickClinical Pharmacist, Clinical Assistant Professor, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.
Leanne LaiDepartment of Sociobehavioral and Administrative Pharmacy, Professor, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.
Jesús SánchezDepartment of Sociobehavioral and Administrative Pharmacy, Associate Professor, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.
Rawan AlkhamisiDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sociobehavioral and Administrative Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Community pharmacists have expanded their roles beyond traditional medication dispensing to include various clinical services. They play a critical role in reducing medication-related errors and enhancing patient safety. However, their effectiveness is significantly influenced by their work environment and associated challenges. Objectives: This cross-sectional study evaluates the stress levels of community pharmacists in Florida, USA, and examines how stress impacts patient care. Methods: A survey was developed and emailed to 23,016 licensed pharmacists in Florida. Responses were collected from March 9 to April 15, 2022. The primary outcomes measured were workplace stressor frequency in community pharmacies and the relationship between work environment factors and patient care quality. Secondary outcomes assessed differences in average Perceived Stress Scores (PSS) between chain and independent pharmacists and between those in managerial versus non-managerial roles. Results: Of 361 responses, 257 pharmacists completed the survey. Most (84.8 %) were chain pharmacists, 15.2 % independent. The primary stressor was staffing issues (57.98 %). Additionally, 71.9 % deemed working conditions unsafe, and 78.4 % struggled to provide quality care due to work stress. Chain pharmacists had significantly different PSS scores (22.72) versus independent pharmacists (22.82, Conclusion: Stress significantly impacts community pharmacists' ability to provide quality care.

Indexed as

Community pharmacyPatient care impactPharmacist stressWorking conditions

Identifiers

PMID40814313
PMCPMC12346093

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.