ArticleTranslational psychiatry2025
Recent cannabis use affects the association between baseline immune markers and long-term outcomes in psychosis.
Article in Translational psychiatry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Aberrant levels of blood markers reflecting inflammation and immune system activation have been implicated in psychotic disorders and linked to psychotic symptom severity. However, their predictive value for the long-term course of psychotic symptoms as well as the potential confounding and moderating role of cannabis use remain underexplored. We tested if baseline levels of immune markers previously linked to psychotic symptoms or treatment response (CRP, IL-1RA, sIL-2R, sTNFR1, sgp130) predicted 10-year outcomes in a first-episode psychosis sample (N = 320), and whether associations were moderated by baseline cannabis use. We assessed psychiatric (re)admissions and number of psychotic episodes during each year of the follow-up period, as well as change in positive psychotic symptom severity from baseline. Apart from sTNFR1, none of the immune markers significantly predicted psychosis outcomes independently of cannabis use. Baseline sTNFR1 was linked to lower risk of both (re)admissions and psychotic episodes, with an increasingly negative association over time. The statistical effects of CRP, IL-1RA, and sgp130 were all dependent on cannabis use. Specifically, negative (CRP, IL-1RA) or positive associations (sgp130) with psychiatric (re)admission risk or psychotic episode risk were observed in cannabis users only. Similarly, sgp130 was negatively associated with symptom change in cannabis users only. Some of these associations varied by follow-up year of the measured outcome (sgp130, IL-1RA). These findings challenge the prognostic and etiological significance of baseline immune markers for the course of positive psychotic symptoms and emphasize the importance of accounting for cannabis use.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.