Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40811381›Full record

ArticlePLoS biology2025

A model of early-life interactions between the gut microbiome and adaptive immunity provides insights into the ontogeny of immune tolerance.

Burcu Tepekule, Ai Ing Lim, Charlotte Jessica E Metcalf

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PLoS biology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. The hallmarks of host-microbiome decoupling.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Burcu TepekuleDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America.ORCID 0000-0001-6936-9138
Ai Ing LimDepartment of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America.
Charlotte Jessica E MetcalfDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America.

Funding

ETH Zurich and Rutgers Cancer Institute of New JerseyPrinceton Catalysis InstitutePrinceton Precision HealthSchweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (SNSF)
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

To achieve immune and microbial homeostasis during adulthood, the developing immune system must learn to identify which microbes to tolerate and which to defend against. How such 'immune education' unfolds remains a major knowledge gap. We address this gap by synthesizing existing literature to develop a mechanistic mathematical model representing the interplay between gut ecology and adaptive immunity in humans during early life. Our results indicate that the inflammatory tone of the microenvironment is the mediator of information flow from pre- to post-weaning periods. We evaluate the power of postnatal fecal samples for predicting immunological trajectories and explore breastfeeding scenarios when maternal immunological conditions affect breastmilk composition. Our work establishes a quantitative basis for 'immune education', yielding insights into questions of applied relevance.

Indexed as

Adaptive ImmunityGastrointestinal MicrobiomeImmune ToleranceBreast FeedingFecesFemaleHumansInfantInfant, NewbornMilk, Human

Identifiers

PMID40811381
PMCPMC12352683

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.