Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40811065›Full record

ArticleCell reports2025

A comprehensive atlas of the bonobo gut bacteriome and its associated host and exposome factors.

Jonas R R Torfs, Mélodie Kreyer, Stijn Wittouck, Sarah Ahannach, Barbara Fruth, Sarah Lebeer, Marcel Eens, Nicky Staes

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cell reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Jonas R R TorfsBehavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Research Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; Zoo Antwerp Centre for Research and Conservation, Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp, 2018 Antwerp, Belgium. Electronic address: jonas.torfs@uantwerpen.be.
Mélodie KreyerZoo Antwerp Centre for Research and Conservation, Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp, 2018 Antwerp, Belgium; Max-Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, 78315 Konstanz, Germany.
Stijn WittouckLaboratory of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
Sarah AhannachLaboratory of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; U-MaMi Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
Barbara FruthZoo Antwerp Centre for Research and Conservation, Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp, 2018 Antwerp, Belgium; Max-Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, 78315 Konstanz, Germany.
Sarah LebeerLaboratory of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; U-MaMi Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
Marcel EensBehavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Research Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
Nicky StaesBehavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Research Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; Zoo Antwerp Centre for Research and Conservation, Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp, 2018 Antwerp, Belgium. Electronic address: nicky.staes@uantwerpen.be.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In great apes, the gut bacteriome shapes key physiological functions and is influenced by both the exposome and the host. Yet, isolating these independent contributions remains challenging. We sequenced 644 fecal samples from 212 wild and zoo-housed bonobos (Pan paniscus), matched with detailed data collection on host and exposome factors. This standardized dataset reveals clear differences in gut bacterial diversity and composition between wild and captive bonobos. Within the controlled zoo-housed cohort, factors such as age, transit time, diet, early life adversity, and medication use influence gut bacterial structure. Notably, social contact emerges as a stronger predictor of bacteriome similarity than genetics or other exposome factors, while maternal effects persist even in non-cohabiting mother-offspring dyads. By offering a unique, comprehensive, and standardized dataset, our work paves the way for future research into microbiome ecology, providing insights with far-reaching implications for both human and animal health in an increasingly industrialized world.

Indexed as

ExposomeGastrointestinal MicrobiomePan paniscusAnimalsAnimals, ZooBacteriaFecesFemaleMalebacteriomebonobocaptivityCP: Microbiologygreat apegut microbiomesocial transmission

Identifiers

PMID40811065
PMCPMC12381536

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.