Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40811060›Full record

ArticleCell reports2025

High-speed voltage imaging of action potentials in molecular layer interneurons reveals sensory-driven synchrony that augments movement.

Spencer T Brown, Meghana R Holla, Michelle A Land, Shuyuan Yang, Alex J McDonald, François St-Pierre, Indira M Raman

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cell reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Representations of Subsecond Duration-Based Timing by Complex Spike Synchrony in Cerebellar Purkinje Neurons.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
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  7. Effects of Short-Term Synaptic Plasticity in Feedforward Inhibitory Circuits on Cerebellar Responses to Repetitive Sensory Input.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026
    Article
  8. Coordination of spike timing among the neurons of the cerebellum.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Spencer T BrownDepartment of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60091, USA.
Meghana R HollaDepartment of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60091, USA.
Michelle A LandDepartment of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
Shuyuan YangDepartment of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
Alex J McDonaldDepartment of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
François St-PierreDepartment of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77005, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77005, USA; Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
Indira M RamanDepartment of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60091, USA. Electronic address: i-raman@northwestern.edu.

Funding

Synaptic Coding in the Cerebellar Corticonuclear CircuitR35NS116854 · NINDS · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY · PI Indira M Raman · 2020 to 2026
$5.1M
ENABLING SUBMILLISECOND-TIMESCALE TWO-PHOTON RECORDING OF VOLTAGE DYNAMICS IN THREE DIMENSIONS IN VIVOU01NS133971 · NINDS · BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE · PI Jacob Reimer, Francois St-Pierre · 2023 to 2026
$4.0M
Engineering photostable fluorescent proteins and biosensors using transcriptomic mining and massive-throughput single-cell screeningR01EB032854 · NIBIB · BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE · PI ST-PIERRE, FRANCOIS · 2022 to 2025
$2.4M
The Spatial and Temporal Scale of Neuromodulation in Mouse Sensory CortexRF1NS128901 · NINDS · BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE · PI REIMER, JACOB · 2022 to 2022
$2.3M
The Spatial and Temporal Scale of Neuromodulation in Mouse Sensory CortexR01NS128901 · NINDS · BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE · PI Jacob Reimer · 2025 to 2026
$1.4M
NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB032854NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS128901NINDS NIH HHS R35 NS116854NINDS NIH HHS RF1 NS128901NINDS NIH HHS U01 NS133971
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Testing whether the synchrony of action potential firing is a cerebellar coding mechanism requires simultaneous recording, with high temporal fidelity, from populations of identified neurons. Here, we used targeted one-photon voltage imaging at 2-4 kHz to record action potentials from groups of ∼10-300 molecular layer interneurons (MLIs) expressing a positively tuned, genetically encoded voltage indicator, FORCE1f or pAce. In awake resting mice, crus I MLIs fired brief (∼1-ms) spikes at 20-60 spikes/s. Sensory stimuli of air puffs to the whiskers evoked short-latency (<10 ms) increases in spiking probability. In most trials, >50% of MLIs fired synchronously with 4-ms temporal precision. The magnitude of puff-evoked whisks correlated tightly with the trial-by-trial percentage of synchrony. Brief optogenetic stimulation of MLIs was sufficient to induce and augment whisker protraction, whereas overriding MLI inhibition by stimulating target Purkinje cells reduced protractions, providing direct evidence that sensory-evoked spike synchrony can generate movement.

Indexed as

Action PotentialsInterneuronsAnimalsMaleMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMovementOptogeneticsPurkinje CellsVibrissaecerebellumCP: Neuroscienceparallel fiberpredictionPurkinjesensorimotorwhisker

Identifiers

PMID40811060
PMCPMC12514754

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.