Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40810749›Full record

Trial reportEuropean journal of applied physiology2026

Acute effects of continuous and interval cycling on salivary SIgA and anti-microbial peptide secretions: a randomized crossover trial.

Reita Ito, Masataka Uchida, Shumpei Fujie, Keiko Iemitsu, Chihiro Kojima, Yasushi Shinohara, Takeshi Hashimoto, Tadao Isaka, Motoyuki Iemitsu

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in European journal of applied physiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Reita ItoFaculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.
Masataka UchidaResearch Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan.
Shumpei FujieFaculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.
Keiko IemitsuFaculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.
Chihiro KojimaResearch Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan.
Yasushi ShinoharaFaculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.
Takeshi HashimotoFaculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.
Tadao IsakaFaculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.
Motoyuki IemitsuFaculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan. iemitsu@fc.ritsumei.ac.jp.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4362-6030

Funding

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan 22H03487
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThis study aimed to examine the acute effects of continuous and interval cycling on salivary secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) and anti-microbial peptides.

methodsIn a randomized crossover trial, 12 healthy young untrained men (22 ± 1 years) performed two exercise patterns: continuous exercise (CE) for 20-min cycling load equivalent to 70% maximal oxygen uptake (V·O

resultsIn the CE trial, the salivary SIgA secretion rate decreased immediately after exercise (p = 0.0002). However, in the IE trial, the salivary SIgA secretion rate did not change. In addition, the percentage change in salivary SIgA secretion rate immediately after exercise decreased in the CE as compared to the IE (CE: -37.6 ± 19.7% vs IE: 3.6 ± 33.6%, p = 0.0014). However, salivary lysozyme, lactoferrin, human β-defensin-2, and LL-37 secretion rates did not change from baseline to after exercise in both trials.

conclusionThese results suggest that salivary SIgA secretion may differ between acute CE and IE, whereas secretory responses to salivary anti-microbial peptides may not differ.

Indexed as

Antimicrobial PeptidesBicyclingExerciseImmunoglobulin A, SecretorySalivaAdultbeta-DefensinsCross-Over StudiesHumansLactoferrinMaleMuramidaseYoung AdultAntimicrobial Peptidesbeta-DefensinsImmunoglobulin A, SecretoryLactoferrinMuramidaseAcute exerciseContinuous exerciseInterval exerciseSalivary anti-microbial peptide secretionSalivary SIgA secretion

Identifiers

PMID40810749
PMCPMC12948854

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.