ArticleAdvances in methods and practices in psychological science
Multilab Direct Replication of Flavell, Beach, and Chinsky (1966): Spontaneous Verbal Rehearsal in a Memory Task as a Function of Age.
Article in Advances in methods and practices in psychological science. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- Private speech: similarities between a large language model and children.Frontiers in artificial intelligence · 2026Article
- Differential information transfer and loss between working memory and long-term memory across serial positions.Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition · 2025Article
- Impact of irrelevant speech and non-speech sounds on serial recall of verbal and spatial items in children and adults.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Children's rehearsal development parallels that of self-talk in other executive functions.Developmental psychology · 2024Article
- Can't get it out of my head: Proactive interference in the visual working memory of 3- to 8-year-old children.Developmental psychology · 2024Article
- Self-generated strategies in the phonological similarity effect.Memory & cognition · 2023Article
- Disentangling Processing and Storage Accounts of Working Memory Development in Childhood.Developmental review : DR · 2023Article
- How do psychology researchers interpret the results of multiple replication studies?Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2023Article
- Decoding the content of working memory in school-aged children.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Visual working memory phenomena based on categorical tasks replicate using a continuous measure: A simple interpretation and some methodological considerations.Attention, perception & psychophysics · 2023Article
- Irrelevant speech impairs serial recall of verbal but not spatial items in children and adults.Memory & cognition · 2023Article
- Stuck on the Last: The Last-Presented Benefit as an Index of Attentional Refreshing in Adolescents.Journal of Intelligence · 2022Article
- Differential Effects of Task-Irrelevant Monaural and Binaural Classroom Scenarios on Children's and Adults' Speech Perception, Listening Comprehension, and Visual-Verbal Short-Term Memory.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Proactive interference and the development of working memory.Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Cognitive science · 2022Review
- Examining the role of external language support and children's own language use in spatial development.Journal of experimental child psychology · 2022Article
- On the Relation between the Development of Working Memory Updating and Working Memory Capacity in Preschoolers.Journal of Intelligence · 2022Article
- Lexical access speed and the development of phonological recoding during immediate serial recall.Journal of cognition and development : official journal of the Cognitive Development Society · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
41 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Work by Flavell, Beach, and Chinsky (1966) indicated a change in the spontaneous production of overt verbalization behaviors when comparing young children (age 5) to older children (age 10). Despite the critical role that this evidence of a change in verbalization behaviors plays in modern theories of cognitive development and working memory, there has only been one other published near-replication of this work (Keeney, Cannizzo, & Flavell, 1967). This Registered Replication Report relied upon 17 labs who contributed their results to a larger and more comprehensive sample of children. We assessed memory performance and the presence or absence of verbalization behaviors of young children at different ages, and determined that the original pattern of findings was largely upheld: older children were more likely to verbalize, and their memory spans improved. We confirmed that 5- and 6-year-old children who verbalized recalled more than children who did not verbalize. However, unlike Flavell et al., substantial proportions of our 5- and 6-year-old samples overtly verbalized at least sometimes during the picture memory task. Also, continuous increase in overt verbalization from 7- to 10-years-old was not consistently evident in our samples. These robust findings should be weighed when considering theories of cognitive development, particularly theories concerning when verbal rehearsal emerges and relations between speech and memory.
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