Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40809970›Full record

ArticleBiomedical optics express2025

Improving the estimation of the spherical equivalent subjective refraction using objective information on accommodation.

Aina Turull-Mallofré, Mikel Aldaba, Jaume Pujol, Carlos E García-Guerra

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Biomedical optics express, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Aina Turull-MallofréCentre for Sensors, Instruments and Systems Development, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Rambla de Sant Nebridi 10, Terrassa, 08222, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7227-7429
Mikel AldabaCentre for Sensors, Instruments and Systems Development, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Rambla de Sant Nebridi 10, Terrassa, 08222, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5835-4395
Jaume PujolCentre for Sensors, Instruments and Systems Development, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Rambla de Sant Nebridi 10, Terrassa, 08222, Spain.
Carlos E García-GuerraCentre for Sensors, Instruments and Systems Development, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Rambla de Sant Nebridi 10, Terrassa, 08222, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7013-9938

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Machine learning and deep learning have previously been used to predict the subjective refraction endpoint by objective means with modest success. This study aimed to enhance predictive accuracy by training linear regression models with normal equations using accommodative response and optical quality data. Three models were tested on 176 eyes, with input variables obtained from a Hartmann-Shack aberrometer and an autorefractor. The best model reduced mean absolute error by 40% compared to the objective refraction provided by a commercial autorefractometer and achieved 95% limits of agreement with subjective refraction of ±0.54 D, approaching the subjective refraction inter-examiner variability. Incorporating accommodative response data improved prediction accuracy over objective refraction alone and previous approaches.

Identifiers

PMID40809970
PMCPMC12339300

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.