Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40809762›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in public health2025

Parental doubts regarding childhood vaccinations after the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study from Poland.

Sandra Janiak, Elwira Piszczek, Krzysztof Buczkowski

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Sandra JaniakDepartment of Family Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
Elwira PiszczekInstitute of Sociology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland.
Krzysztof BuczkowskiDepartment of Family Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Vaccinations are one of the most effective methods of preventing infectious diseases. Data published in recent years indicate a decline in routine childhood vaccination rates. Vaccine hesitancy is an increasingly serious problem, recognized as one of the 10 most significant threats to global health. Object: This study aims to identify the causes of parental hesitancy regarding childhood immunizations after the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We conducted 33 in-depth interviews with parents who were hesitant to vaccinate their children. We analyzed the data using qualitative content analysis. Results: The main themes identified included concerns about adverse events following immunization, unsatisfactory communication with healthcare providers, distrust in the recommended vaccination schedule, individual risk assessment, conspiracy theories/anti-system sentiments, and organizational/financial barriers. Conclusion: The leading causes of vaccine hesitancy were fear of adverse events following immunization and unsatisfactory communication with healthcare professionals. These findings underscore the urgent need for improved training in communication, empathy, and negotiation skills among healthcare providers, along with the delivery of consistent, evidence-based vaccine information across all levels of care.

Indexed as

Health Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeVaccination HesitancyCommunicationFemaleHealth CommunicationHumansMaleParentsPolandVaccination Coverageadverse effect following immunizationhealthcare communicationparental attitudesqualitative studyvaccination hesitancyvaccine safety

Identifiers

PMID40809762
PMCPMC12343549

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.