ArticleJournal of animal science2025
Microbial phytase and 25-hydroxy-vitamin D3 fed to growing pigs increase digestibility of calcium and phosphorus and influence plasma vitamin D metabolites and serum bone biomarkers, but effects are not always additive.
Article in Journal of animal science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
The objective was to test the hypothesis that calcifediol [25(OH)D3] and microbial phytase have additive effects on the standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of Ca and P, serum bone biomarkers, and plasma vitamin D₃ metabolites when fed to growing pigs. Sixty barrows (initial body weight: 25.98 ± 2.01 kg) were housed individually in metabolism crates and assigned to a randomized complete block design with three blocks, 5 diets, and 12 replicate pigs per diet. The positive control (PC) diet was formulated to meet Ca and P requirements of growing pigs. Four additional diets contained 75% of the required Ca and P and were used in a 2 × 2 factorial design with 0 or 50 μg/kg of 25(OH)D3 and 0 or 500 units of phytase per kg diet. Pigs were fed experimental diets for 13 d that included a 5-d adaptation period and a 5-d fecal collection period. Fecal samples were analyzed for Ca and P, and STTD of Ca and P was calculated. Blood samples were collected on days 1 and 13 to measure bone alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, type 1 collagen, and fibroblast growth factor 23. Analyzed plasma vitamin D3 metabolites included 25(OH)D3, 24,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol [24,25(OH)2D3], and 1,25 calcitriol [1,25(OH)2D3]. Results indicated that the STTD of P was greater (P < 0.05) in the PC diet than in the diet containing 75% of the required Ca and P and no microbial phytase or 25(OH)D3. The STTD of Ca and P increased (P < 0.001) in pigs fed diets containing phytase, and STTD of Ca and P tended to increase if 25(OH)D₃ was added to the diet, but only in the absence of phytase (interaction; P < 0.10). On day 13, osteocalcin, which is a biomarker for bone tissue synthesis, was increased (P < 0.05) if 25(OH)D₃ or phytase was added to diets, but the other bone biomarkers did not differ among treatments. Plasma 25(OH)D₃ and 24,25(OH)₂D₃ increased (P < 0.05) if diets contained 25(OH)D₃ and(or) phytase, indicating increased metabolic activity of vitamin D3. Plasma 1,25(OH)₂D₃ was greater (P < 0.001) in pigs fed the diet with 75% of the required Ca and P and no phytase or 25(OH)D₃ than in pigs fed the PC diet, but microbial phytase decreased (P < 0.001) plasma 1,25(OH)₂D₃. In conclusion, microbial phytase and 25(OH)D₃ increased Ca and P digestibility and serum osteocalcin, and vitamin D₃ status was improved with the addition of 25(OH)D₃ to the diet, but effects of 25(OH)D₃ and microbial phytase were not always additive.
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