Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40808225›Full record

Trial reportDiabetes & metabolism journal2026

Glycemic Benefit of Insulin Degludec/Insulin Aspart Compared to Basal Insulin in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Associated with Impaired Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Response: A Randomized Crossover Trial.

Han Na Jang, Eun Shil Hong, Ye Seul Yang, Seong Ok Lee, Myoung-Jin Jang, Andrea Mari, Soo Heon Kwak, Kyong Soo Park, Hak Chul Jang, Hye Seung Jung

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Diabetes & metabolism journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Han Na Jang *Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
Eun Shil Hong *Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, Korea.
Ye Seul YangDepartment of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
Seong Ok LeeDepartment of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
Myoung-Jin JangMedical Research Collaborating Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
Andrea MariInstitute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Padova, Italy.
Soo Heon KwakDepartment of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
Kyong Soo ParkDepartment of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
Hak Chul JangDepartment of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
Hye Seung JungDepartment of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.

Funding

Ministry of Science and ICTNational Research Foundation of Korea 2022R1A2C2004570Novo Nordisk
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgruoundWe aimed to confirm that once-daily insulin degludec/insulin aspart (IDegAsp) is superior to basal insulin therapy in participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) exhibiting signs of overbasalization. Additionally, we analyzed incretin profiles in relation to the benefits of IDegAsp, providing insights into the underlying mechanisms.

methodsA prospective study was conducted in participants receiving basal insulin therapy, with a fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level lower than predicted from their glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Participants were randomly assigned to either IDegAsp or insulin glargine (IGlar) in a 1:1 ratio. After 20 weeks of treatment, the insulins were switched in a crossover design. The primary endpoint was the change in HbA1c from baseline. Incretin profiles, hypoglycemic events, and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) were also analyzed (Trial registration: www.cris.nih.go.kr; KCT0004597).

resultsThe study included 55 participants (male 40%, mean age 65 years, FPG 103 mg/dL, and HbA1c 8.3%). HbA1c significantly decreased to 7.8%±0.8% with IDegAsp, compared to 8.0%±0.7% with IGlar. The mean estimated treatment difference of changes was -0.21% points (95% confidence interval, -0.39 to -0.02; P=0.031), favoring IDegAsp. Hypoglycemic events were comparable. CGM demonstrated significantly lower glucose measures during the daytime with IDegAsp compared to IGlar, and vice versa at dawn. The HbA1c benefit of IDegAsp over IGlar was associated with a low glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) ratio at 30 minutes relative to baseline (r=0.301, P=0.040), while not with glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide.

conclusionThe greater reduction in HbA1c achieved with IDegAsp compared to IGlar in individuals with T2DM was associated with an impaired GLP-1 response, facilitating personalized insulin therapy.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Glucagon-Like Peptide 1Hypoglycemic AgentsInsulin AspartInsulin, Long-ActingAgedBlood GlucoseCross-Over StudiesDrug CombinationsFemaleGlycated HemoglobinHumansInsulin GlargineMaleMiddle AgedProspective StudiesBlood GlucoseDrug CombinationsGlucagon-Like Peptide 1Glycated HemoglobinHypoglycemic AgentsInsulin Aspartinsulin degludec, insulin aspart drug combinationInsulin GlargineInsulin, Long-ActingContinuous glucose monitoringGlucagon-like peptide 1HyperglycemiaInsulin degludec, insulin aspart drug combination

Identifiers

PMID40808225
PMCPMC13175696

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.