Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40807622›Full record

ArticleFoods (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Valorization of Waste from Lavender Distillation Through Optimized Encapsulation Processes.

Nikoletta Solomakou, Dimitrios Fotiou, Efthymia Tsachouridou, Athanasia M Goula

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Foods (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Pharmaceutical biology · 2026
    Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Nikoletta SolomakouDepartment of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Dimitrios FotiouDepartment of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Efthymia TsachouridouDepartment of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Athanasia M GoulaDepartment of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece.ORCID 0000-0002-8009-3897

Funding

Ministry of Agriculture, Program for Agricultural Development, ESPA 2014-2020, Submeasure 16.1 and 16.2 Μ16SΥΝ-00110
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study evaluated and compared two encapsulation techniques-co-crystallization and ionic gelation-for stabilizing bioactive components derived from lavender distillation residues. Utilizing aqueous ethanol extraction (solid residues) and concentration (liquid residues), phenolic-rich extracts were incorporated into encapsulation matrices and processed under controlled conditions. Comprehensive characterization included encapsulation efficiency (Ef), antioxidant activity (AA), moisture content, hygroscopicity, dissolution time, bulk density, and color parameters (L*, a*, b*). Co-crystallization outperformed ionic gelation across most criteria, achieving significantly higher Ef (>150%) and superior functional properties such as lower moisture content (<0.5%), negative hygroscopicity (-6%), and faster dissolution (<60 s). These features suggested enhanced physicochemical stability and suitability for applications requiring long shelf life and rapid solubility. In contrast, extruded beads exhibited high moisture levels (94.0-95.4%) but allowed better control over morphological features. The work introduced a mild-processing approach applied innovatively to the valorization of lavender distillation waste through structurally stable phenolic delivery systems. By systematically benchmarking two distinct encapsulation strategies under equivalent formulation conditions, this study advanced current understanding in bioactive microencapsulation and offers new tools for developing functional ingredients from aromatic plant by-products.

Indexed as

co-crystallizationencapsulation efficiencyhydrodistillationionic gelationphenolic compounds

Identifiers

PMID40807622
PMCPMC12346146

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.