Electroassisted Incorporation of Ferrocene Within Sol-Gel Silica Films to Enhance Electron Transfer-Part II: Boosting Protein Sensing with Polyelectrolyte-Modified Silica.

Rayane-Ichrak Loughlani, Alonso Gamero-Quijano, Francisco Montilla

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Article in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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3 authors.

Rayane-Ichrak LoughlaniDepartamento de Química Física, Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante (IUMA), Universidad de Alicante, Carretera San Vicente s/n, 03690 Alicante, Spain.

Alonso Gamero-QuijanoDepartamento de Química Física, Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante (IUMA), Universidad de Alicante, Carretera San Vicente s/n, 03690 Alicante, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-7173-2861

Francisco MontillaDepartamento de Química Física, Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante (IUMA), Universidad de Alicante, Carretera San Vicente s/n, 03690 Alicante, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-4769-9130

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Silica-modified electrodes possess physicochemical properties that make them valuable in electrochemical sensing and energy-related applications. Although intrinsically insulating, silica thin films can selectively interact with redox species, producing sieving effects that enhance electrochemical responses. We synthesized Class I hybrid silica matrices incorporating either negatively charged poly(4-styrene sulfonic acid) or positively charged poly(diallyl dimethylammonium chloride). These hybrid films were deposited onto ITO electrodes and evaluated via cyclic voltammetry in aqueous ferrocenium solutions. The polyelectrolyte charge played a key role in the electroassisted incorporation of ferrocene: silica-PSS films promoted accumulation, while silica-PDADMAC films hindered it due to electrostatic repulsion. In situ UV-vis spectroscopy confirmed that only a fraction of the embedded ferrocene was electroactive. Nevertheless, this fraction enabled effective mediated detection of cytochrome c in solution. These findings highlight the crucial role of ionic interactions and hybrid composition in electron transfer to redox proteins, providing valuable insights for the development of advanced bioelectronic sensors.

Indexed as

Biosensing TechniquesCytochromes cFerrous CompoundsMetallocenesPolyelectrolytesSilicon DioxideElectrochemical TechniquesElectrodesElectron TransportOxidation-ReductionPolyethylenesPolystyrenesQuaternary Ammonium CompoundsCytochromes cferroceneFerrous CompoundsMetallocenesPolyelectrolytesPolyethylenespoly-N,N-dimethyl-N,N-diallylammonium chloridePolystyrenesQuaternary Ammonium CompoundsSilicon Dioxidecytochrome celectroassisted accumulation mediated electron transferferrocenehybrid silica functionalization

Identifiers

PMID40807421

DOI10.3390/molecules30153246

PMCPMC12348292

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.