ArticleMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2025
Design of Experiments Approach for Efficient Heavy Metals Stabilization Using Metakaolin-Based Geopolymers.
Article in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Reactivity Assessment of Diverse Aluminosilicate Wastes in Metakaolin-Based Alkali-Activated Binders.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Chelating, Reducing, and Adsorbing Agents in Geopolymers for Heavy Metals Stabilization from Galvanic Sludge.Polymers · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Alkali-activated aluminosilicate matrices are increasingly studied for their ability to stabilize hazardous metal contaminants via alkali activation at room temperature. In this study, metakaolin-based geopolymers were used to immobilize chromium and nickel salts, with systematic variation of key synthesis parameters, Na/Al molar ratio, metal concentration, anion type, and alkaline solution aging time, which have not been previously studied. A Design of Experiments approach was employed to study the effect of factors on metal leaching behavior and to better understand the underlying immobilization mechanisms. The analysis revealed that higher Na/Al ratios significantly enhance geopolymerization and reduce metal release, as supported by FTIR spectral shifts and decreased shoulder intensity. Notably, aging time had an influence on chromium behavior due to its effect on early silicate network formation, which can hinder the incorporation of chromium species. All tested formulations achieved metal immobilization rates of 98.8% or higher for both chromium and nickel. Overall, this study advances our understanding of geopolymer-based heavy metal immobilization.
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