ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2025
Extraction of Chitin, Chitosan, and Calcium Acetate from Mussel Shells for Sustainable Waste Management.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- A Flexible Ionically Conductive Biopolymer Hydrogel Interface for Physiological Signal Acquisition: A Chitosan-Glycerol-PVA Composite.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Sustainable Production of Chitosan from Mussel Shells with Upcycling of Demineralization Effluent into Calcium Formate.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Valorization of Mussel Shell Waste to Chitin, Chitosan, and Calcium Lactate for Bio-Green-Circular Management.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
In this paper, mussel shells were used to produce chitin, chitosan, and calcium acetate using chemical processes, searching for an alternative environmentally friendly biopolymer and calcium source. Mussel shells were treated with acetic acid as a demineralizing agent, resulting in separate solid fractions and calcium solution. The solid was further purified to produce chitin by deproteinization and decolorization processes, and then the deacetylation process was used to obtain chitosan. The calcium solution was evaporated to produce calcium acetate powder. The yields of extracted chitin, chitosan, and calcium acetate from 100 g of mussel shells were 2.98, 2.70, and 165.23 g, respectively. The prepared chitin, chitosan, and calcium acetate were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) to confirm the chemical and physical properties. The analysis results of chitin and chitosan revealed the similarity to chitosan derived from crustaceans and insects in terms of functional group, structure and morphologies. The prepared calcium acetate shows FTIR and XRD data corresponding to calcium acetate monohydrate (Ca(CH
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