Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40806024›Full record

Observational studyNutrients2025

High Reproducibility and Agreement of Meal Duration, Number of Chews, and Chewing Tempo Measured with a Standardized Test Meal.

Kanako Deguchi, Kenichiro Ikeda, Megumi Aoshima, Eri Hiraiwa, Chisato Ono, Chihiro Ushiroda, Risako Yamamoto-Wada, Katsumi Iizuka

Abstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Nutrients, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Kanako DeguchiDepartment of Clinical Nutrition, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan.
Kenichiro IkedaDepartment of Clinical Nutrition, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan.
Megumi AoshimaDepartment of Clinical Nutrition, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan.
Eri HiraiwaDepartment of Clinical Nutrition, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan.
Chisato OnoDepartment of Medical Technology, Fujita Health University Haneda Clinic, Tokyo 144-0041, Japan.
Chihiro UshirodaDepartment of Clinical Nutrition, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan.ORCID 0000-0002-6547-9732
Risako Yamamoto-WadaDepartment of Clinical Nutrition, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan.
Katsumi IizukaDepartment of Clinical Nutrition, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan.ORCID 0000-0002-9837-6238

Funding

Suzuken Memorial Foundation 23-003
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND/

aimTo date, there have been no data regarding the reproducibility or agreement of meal duration when a test meal is eaten. To confirm the reproducibility and agreement of the meal duration, number of chews, chewing tempo, and number of bites of a test meal, we performed a prospective observation study.

methodsWe measured the duration, number of chews, chewing tempo, and number of bites of a test meal (salmon bento) among 33 participants (male: 15; female: 18) aged 20-60 years who ate twice at 2-week intervals to verify the agreement (by Bland-Altman (BA) analysis) and reproducibility (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)) by sex.

resultsThe meal duration (s) and number of bites (times) were significantly greater in the female group (560.4 (128.7) and 731.9 (266.3),

conclusionsAlthough the sample size was small due to the exploratory nature of the study, meal duration, number of chews, and chewing tempo had high reproducibility and agreement, at least when this test meal was consumed. These measures may indicate individual-specific eating behavior.

Indexed as

Feeding BehaviorMasticationMealsAdultFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedProspective StudiesReproducibility of ResultsSex FactorsTime FactorsYoung Adultagreementchewing tempofood testmeal durationnumber of bitesnumber of chewsreproducibility

Identifiers

PMID40806024
PMCPMC12348919

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.