ArticleMaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2025
Bioactivity of Glass Carbomer Versus Conventional GICs in Sound Enamel and Dentine: A 12-Month SEM-EDS Study.
Article in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Evaluation of Factors Affecting Fluoride Release from Dental Sealants: A Systematic Review.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Advanced Platelet-Rich Fibrin Plus Sealed Exclusively with Glass Ionomer Cement: Setting a New Standard for Healing, Aesthetics and Predictive Modelling in Regenerative Endodontics.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Glass ionomer cements (GICs) are bioactive restorative materials valued for their sustained ion release and remineralisation capacity. However, their long-term interactions with sound enamel and dentine remain underexplored. This 12-month in vitro study aimed to evaluate microstructural and compositional changes in sound dental tissues adjacent to four GICs-Ketac Universal, Fuji IX and Equia Forte Fil (conventional GICs) and the advanced Glass Carbomer (incorporating hydroxyapatite nanoparticles)-using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Glass Carbomer uniquely formed hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and mineralised regions indicative of active biomineralisation-features not observed with conventional GICs. It also demonstrated greater fluoride uptake into dentine and higher silicon incorporation in both enamel and dentine. Conventional GICs exhibited filler particle dissolution and mineral deposition within the matrix over time; among them, Equia Forte released the most fluoride while Fuji IX released the most strontium. Notably, ion uptake was consistently higher in dentine than in enamel for all materials. These findings indicate that Glass Carbomer possesses superior bioactivity and mineralising potential which may contribute to the reinforcement of sound dental tissues and the prevention of demineralisation. However, further in vivo studies are required to confirm these effects under physiological conditions.
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