Effect of Rubber Particle Size and Content on the Mechanical Properties of Rubber-Clay Mixtures Solidified by EICP.

Qiang Ma, Meng Li, Chen Zeng, Hang Shu, Lei Xi, Yue Tao, Xuesong Lu

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Qiang MaSchool of Architectural Engineering, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China.ORCID 0000-0001-7335-4182

Meng LiKey Laboratory of Intelligent Health Perception and Ecological Restoration of Rivers and Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.

Chen ZengSchool of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.

Hang ShuKey Laboratory of Intelligent Health Perception and Ecological Restoration of Rivers and Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.ORCID 0000-0002-4773-4007

Lei XiKey Laboratory of Intelligent Health Perception and Ecological Restoration of Rivers and Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.

Yue TaoKey Laboratory of Intelligent Health Perception and Ecological Restoration of Rivers and Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.

Xuesong LuSchool of Architectural Engineering, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China.

Funding

Innovation Demonstration Base of Ecological Environment Geotechnical and Ecological Restoration of Rivers and Lakes 2020EJB004National Natural Science Foundation of China 52478338National Young Top-notch Talent of Ten Thousand Talents Program, the Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Hubei Province 2022CFA043Young Talent Project of Scientific Research Program of Hubei Provincial Department of Education Q20231611Young Top-notch Talent Cultivation Program of Hubei Province, the Outstanding Young and middle-aged Science and Technology Innovation Team of colleges and universities in Hubei Province T2022010

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Using the enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation (EICP) technique to solidify rubber and clay mixtures as lightweight backfill is a feasible way to reduce waste tire impacts and boost rubber recycling in geotech engineering. In this study, a comprehensive laboratory investigation, including triaxial compression, oedometer, permeability, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) tests, was conducted on EICP-reinforced rubber particle solidified clay (hereafter referred to as EICP-RC solidified clay) to evaluate the effects of rubber particle content and size on the mechanical behavior of the improved soil under various solidification conditions and to elucidate the solidification mechanism. The results show that although rubber particles inhibit EICP, they significantly enhance the mechanical properties of the samples. The addition of 5% rubber particles (rubber A) increased cohesion by 11% and the internal friction angle by 18% compared to EICP-treated clay without rubber. Additionally, incorporating smaller-sized tire particles facilitated pore filling, resulting in lower compression and swelling indices and reduced permeability coefficients, making these materials suitable for use behind retaining walls and in embankment construction.

Indexed as

enzyme-induced carbonate precipitationmechanical propertiesrubber–clay mixturessoil solidification

Identifiers

PMID40805305

DOI10.3390/ma18153429

PMCPMC12347963

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.