ArticleCancers2025
Spatial Omics Profiling of Treatment-Naïve Lung Adenocarcinoma with Brain Metastasis as the Initial Presentation.
Article in Cancers, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesBrain metastasis (BM) is a common and often early manifestation in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), yet its tumor microenvironment remains poorly defined at the time of initial diagnosis. This study aims to characterize early immune microenvironmental alterations in synchronous BM using spatial proteomic profiling.
methodsWe performed digital spatial proteomic profiling using the NanoString GeoMx platform on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from five treatment-naïve LUAD patients in whom BM was the initial presenting lesion. Paired primary lung and brain metastatic samples were analyzed across tumor and stromal compartments using 68 immune- and tumor-related protein markers.
resultsSpatial profiling revealed distinct expression patterns between primary tumors and brain metastases. Immune regulatory proteins-including IDO-1, PD-1, PD-L1, STAT3, PTEN, and CD44-were significantly reduced in brain metastases (
conclusionsThis study provides one of the first spatially resolved proteomic characterizations of synchronous BM at initial LUAD diagnosis. Our findings highlight early immune escape mechanisms and suggest the need for site-specific immunotherapeutic strategies in patients with brain metastasis.
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