Orthotopically Implanted Murine Lung Adenocarcinoma Cell Lines for Preclinical Investigations.

The application of personalized medicine to lung adenocarcinoma has resulted in new therapies based on specific oncogenic drivers that have improved patient outcomes. However, oncogene-defined subsets of patients exhibit a significant heterogeneity of response to these agents. Defining the factors that mediate the varied depth and duration of response are critical to developing new therapeutic strategies. While the examination of patient samples can provide important correlations, definitive mechanistic studies require the use of relevant preclinical models. Based on a large body of data, interactions between cancer cells and the surrounding tumor microenvironment, comprised of inflammatory, immune, and vascular cells, represent a critical determinant of therapeutic response. In this review, we focus on preclinical models that can be used to explore these interactions, identify new therapeutic targets, and test combination therapies. In particular, we will describe the use of implantable orthotopic immunocompetent models employing a panel of murine lung adenocarcinoma cell lines with oncogenic drivers common to human lung adenocarcinoma as a powerful system to develop new treatment approaches.