Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40804418›Full record

ArticleMalaria journal2025

Comparative analysis of the use of Community Health Workers while deploying the Attractive Targeted Sugar Bait (ATSB) for malaria control in Western Province, Zambia.

Frank Ndalama, David Mulenga, Annie Arnzen, Situmbeko Akalalambili, Titus Tobolo, Chuma Maluma, Chama Chishya, Kochelani Saili, Ruth A Ashton, John Miller and 5 more

Abstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in Malaria journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Frank NdalamaPATH, Kaoma, Zambia. frankndalama87@gmail.com.
David MulengaSchool of Medicine, Public Health Department, Copperbelt University, Ndola, Zambia.
Annie ArnzenPATH, Seattle, WA, USA.
Situmbeko AkalalambiliPATH, Kaoma, Zambia.
Titus ToboloPATH, Kaoma, Zambia.
Chuma MalumaPATH, Kaoma, Zambia.
Chama ChishyaPATH, Kaoma, Zambia.
Kochelani SailiPATH, Kaoma, Zambia.
Ruth A AshtonCentre for Applied Malaria Research and Evaluation, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
John MillerPATH, Lusaka, Zambia.
Kafula SilumbePATH, Lusaka, Zambia.
Javan ChandaPATH, Lusaka, Zambia.
Busiku HamainzaNational Malaria Elimination Centre, Lusaka, Zambia.
Megan LittrellPATH, Washington DC, WA, USA.
Erica OrangePATH, Seattle, WA, USA.

Funding

Gates Foundation INV-007509
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCommunity Health Workers (CHWs) play a crucial role in malaria control efforts, yet their contributions to large-scale field trials remain understudied. This research examined the management of CHWs recruited to support a phase III trial of Attractive Targeted Sugar Baits (ATSBs) in Western Zambia. The study aimed to understand the extent to which CHW involvement in the trial aligned with best practices and challenges faced by CHWs implementing health promotion activities.

methodsA literature review, review of Zambia Ministry of Health Guidelines, and review of WHO guidelines was conducted to identify best practices and common challenges for CHWs contributing to the delivery of malaria interventions. Subsequently ATSB trial documents were reviewed to compare CHW involvement and CHW challenges experienced during the ATSB trial from 2021 to 2023. A comparative analysis was utilized to assess the involvement of CHWs in the ATSB trial against literature review findings, specific to CHW recruitment, training, supervision, incentivization, and community support.

resultsFive best practices for CHW delivery of interventions were identified: participatory and gender equitable recruitment and selection; comprehensive training; incentivization for enhanced motivation and performance; high quality supportive supervision; and fostering community support. Five common challenges for involving CHWs in programme delivery were identified: inadequate and poor-quality supervision of CHWs; low compensation and motivation; logistical constraints; workload and multiplicity of roles, and community challenges. The analysis found that ATSB trial practices largely aligned with literature best practices and established guidelines, particularly in training and incentive structures. However, challenges were identified in achieving gender balance (32% female CHWs in year 2), community involvement in CHW selection, and coordination between CHWs and research team members. CHW involvement was a key factor towards successfully implementing the trial protocol.

conclusionsExperiences with CHWs involvement in the ATSB trial in Zambia suggest that some facets of field research readily facilitate adherence to best practices for CHW recruitment and management. Additionally, field research that is adequately funded and characterized by rigorous implementation may avoid some of the common challenges faced by CHWs implementing health promotion activities. Nonetheless, some CHW cadre challenges appear universal to programmatic and research contexts, including an imbalance in gender representation favouring male participation in CHW opportunities. More documentation of research experiences may be needed to understand CHW involvement and experiences in field research outside of randomized controlled trials.

Indexed as

Community Health WorkersMalariaMosquito ControlSugarsFemaleHumansMaleZambiaSugarsAttractive Targeted Sugar BaitsCommunity engagementCommunity Health WorkersMalariaVector control

Identifiers

PMID40804418
PMCPMC12344891

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.