The role of IFN-γ + 874T/A and IL-12 + 16974A/C polymorphisms in susceptibility to tuberculosis infection in a Sudanese population: a case-control study.

Salma A Moharrum, Naser Eldin Bilal, Najwa A Mhmoud

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Salma A MoharrumLecturer in Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, University of Fujairah, Fujairah, UAE. smoharrum@gmail.com.

Naser Eldin BilalProfessor of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.

Najwa A MhmoudAssociate Professor in Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundTuberculosis (TB) is a top infectious disease killer worldwide. The susceptibility to infectious diseases, including tuberculosis, has been linked to several cytokine gene polymorphisms.

methodA case-control study was conducted at Abu Anja Chest Hospital, Omdurman, Khartoum state, using PCR-RFLP in 200 Sudanese patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and 200 healthy controls between February 2018 and February 2021. Data analysis was done using the IBM SPSS software package version 20.0. (Armonk, NY: IBM Corp).

resultThe mutant and heterozygous genotypes of IL-12+16974 A/C polymorphism were associated with an almost four-fold [P-value <0.001 OR= 3.703(2.243- 6.115), 95% CI] increased risk of TB in the Sudanese population. No statistically significant differences were found in the genotype and allele frequencies of the IFN-γ+874T/A gene between patients and controls.

conclusionThese findings suggest, for the first time in Sudan, the significant risk of TB in people carrying the mutant and heterozygous genotypes of IL-12+16974 A/C genes.

Indexed as

Genetic Predisposition to DiseaseInterferon-gammaPolymorphism, Single NucleotideTuberculosisTuberculosis, PulmonaryAdultCase-Control StudiesFemaleGene FrequencyGenotypeHumansMaleMiddle AgedSudanYoung AdultIFNG protein, humanInterferon-gammaInterferon-GammaInterleukin-12PCR-RFLPPolymorphismSudanTuberculosis

Identifiers

PMID40804362

DOI10.1186/s12879-025-11430-3

PMCPMC12345018

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY-NC-ND

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.