Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40803973›Full record

ReviewInfectious disease clinics of North America2025

Immune Aspects of Clostridioides difficile Infection and Vaccine Development.

Rochelle C Glover, F Christopher Peritore-Galve, Borden Lacy, Joseph P Zackular

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Infectious disease clinics of North America, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Frontiers in immunology · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Rochelle C GloverDivision of Protective Immunity, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
F Christopher Peritore-GalveDepartment of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue S, Medical Center North, Suite A5208, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
Borden LacyDepartment of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue S, Medical Center North, Suite A5208, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA. Electronic address: borden.lacy@vanderbilt.edu.
Joseph P ZackularDivision of Protective Immunity, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Penn Institute for RNA Innovation, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; The Center for Microbial Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Electronic address: Joseph.Zackular@pennmedicine.upenn.edu.

Funding

Vanderbilt Antibody and Antigen Discovery for Clostridioides difficile VaccinesU19AI174999 · NIAID · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI Dana Borden Lacy · 2023 to 2026
$7.9M
Project 3: Defining adaptive immune interactions that shape Clostridioides difficile infectionU19AI174998 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI DREW WEISSMAN · 2023 to 2026
$7.6M
Structural Mechanisms of Clostridioides difficile pathogenesisR37AI095755 · NIAID · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI Dana Borden Lacy · 2021 to 2026
$3.2M
BLRD VA I01 BX002943NIAID NIH HHS R37 AI095755NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI174998NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI174999
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Clostridioides difficile causes antibiotic-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis. The pathogenesis of C difficile infection is driven by 2 exotoxins, TcdA and TcdB, making them priority targets for therapeutic intervention. Several vaccine formulations targeting these toxins have reached phase 3 clinical trials, but none have successfully prevented colonization or disease. Recent advances in understanding C difficile pathogenesis and vaccinology have revitalized efforts to develop an effective vaccine. Here, we discuss basic and clinical research insights to provide a framework for developing next-generation C difficile vaccines.

Indexed as

Bacterial VaccinesClostridioides difficileClostridium InfectionsVaccine DevelopmentAnimalsBacterial ProteinsBacterial ToxinsEnterotoxinsHumansBacterial ProteinsBacterial ToxinsBacterial VaccinesEnterotoxinsClostridioidesdifficileMucosal immunityVaccines

Identifiers

PMID40803973
PMCPMC12767691

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.