ArticleBMJ open2025
Multifaceted analysis of presenteeism: contributions of pain, psychological factors and daily functioning - a cross-sectional study in Japan.
Article in BMJ open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectivePresenteeism, defined as reduced work efficiency due to health issues despite attending work, accounts for a substantial proportion of labour productivity loss. Although pain significantly impacts presenteeism, the relationship between pain and presenteeism remains poorly understood due to the multifaceted nature of pain, encompassing psychosocial factors and daily functioning. This study aimed to identify which of these factors are significantly associated with presenteeism among employees.
designCross-sectional study using self-administered questionnaires and generalised additive model analysis.
settingMultiple workplaces (including a university and hospitals) in Japan.
participantsEmployed individuals (n=212, age range: 20-65 years; 59 males and 153 females) participated. They were recruited through workplace bulletin boards, email announcements and direct invitations. Participants with and without chronic pain were included. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Participants completed self-report measures, including the Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (HPQ), Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ), Pain Catastrophising Scale (PCS), Beck Depression Inventory-second edition (BDI-II), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0).
resultsThe results indicated that absolute HPQ was significantly associated with BDI-II scores (F=4.51, p=0.035). On the other hand, relative HPQ was influenced by SF-MPQ (F=3.76, p=0.005), PCS (F=4.16, p=0.014), STAI (F=5.62, p=0.019) and limited daily activities (F=13.25, p=0.00035).
conclusionsThese findings suggest that presenteeism is multifactorial, with pain, psychosocial factors and daily functioning playing critical roles. Moreover, the impact of depression on presenteeism differs from that of pain and anxiety. Therefore, tailored intervention approaches may be required for each factor, ultimately improving workplace productivity. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: This study was preregistered at UMIN-CTR (UMIN000054797).
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