Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40802979›Full record

ArticleJournal of medical Internet research2025

Addressing Digital Disparities in Alzheimer Disease by Improving Access to Alzheimer Resources for Spanish-Speaking Latino or Latina Individuals in Los Angeles County: Mixed Methods Study.

Stephanie Ovalle-Eliseo, Aisha Mohammed, Gabriela Islas Huerta, Keith Vossel, Lorena H Monserratt, Mirella Díaz-Santos

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of medical Internet research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Stephanie Ovalle-EliseoMary S Easton Center for Alzheimer's Research and Care, Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3744-5033
Aisha MohammedMary S Easton Center for Alzheimer's Research and Care, Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6580-0139
Gabriela Islas HuertaMary S Easton Center for Alzheimer's Research and Care, Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3942-1824
Keith VosselMary S Easton Center for Alzheimer's Research and Care, Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6351-6720
Lorena H MonserrattMary S Easton Center for Alzheimer's Research and Care, Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7128-3209
Mirella Díaz-SantosMary S Easton Center for Alzheimer's Research and Care, Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5513-815X

Funding

Leveraging the Electronic Health Record and Integrating Social and Biological Data to Expand Dementia Research in Understudied Populations in Los Angeles CountyUH3AG083254 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI Keith Alan Vossel · 2025 to 2026
$2.3M
Leveraging the Electronic Health Record and Integrating Social and Biological Data to Expand Dementia Research in Understudied Populations in Los Angeles CountyUH2AG083254 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI VOSSEL, KEITH ALAN · 2023 to 2024
$1.1M
NIA NIH HHS UH2 AG083254NIA NIH HHS UH3 AG083254
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic disrupted traditional health care delivery models, exacerbating disparities between those with and without ready access to digital technology. This digital divide poses a structural barrier to accessing equitable healthy aging resources and dementia care. Latino and Hispanic individuals, who constitute nearly half of Los Angeles County's population and face a projected tripling of Alzheimer disease and related dementia (ADRD) prevalence by 2040, are particularly impacted.

objectiveThis paper aims to examine the barriers and facilitators affecting access to digital health education and resources for Alzheimer disease (AD) prevention and care management during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study focuses on the digital barriers possibly hindering Spanish-speaking Latino and Hispanic individuals in Los Angeles County from using online services offering critical AD prevention and care resources amid the COVID-19 pandemic.

methodsWe developed a conceptual model based on users' digital access or web literacy and language as barriers and facilitators impacting access to digital AD prevention and care resources. Between January 2022 and February 2022, we identified 15 websites of local organizations providing digital AD prevention services and resources in Los Angeles County during the pandemic. We applied our digital divide model to qualitatively evaluate the 15 websites. A post hoc analysis was conducted to reevaluate the 15 websites in 2025, and interrater reliability was evaluated using a Cohen κ analysis.

resultsOut of the 15 websites, 5 featured web navigation accessibility tools (4/15 in 2025), 4 provided content available in Spanish (6/15 in 2025), and 2 included resources for family dialogue about AD care and management (3/15 in 2025). One website showed cultural and linguistic responsiveness in its content (2/15 in 2025). Cohen κ analysis revealed substantial agreement for digital acceptability factors including Spanish language (κ=0.71), resources available in Spanish (κ=0.71), and family dialogue resources (κ=0.74). Agreement for web accessibility tools was moderate at (κ=0.53). We uncovered other unforeseen structural barriers to digital access, including email subscription requirements, English language-centered online forms, and the limited availability of Spanish-speaking staff.

conclusionsOur study highlights structural barriers hindering access to digital AD prevention and care resources tailored to the needs and values of Latino and Hispanic communities living in Los Angeles County. The findings emphasize the need to bridge the digital gap by incorporating user-friendly features and culturally and linguistically responsive elements in website design and implementation. This approach will move our field toward equitable access to digital ADRD prevention and care resources by mitigating structural barriers that sustain ADRD disparities in Latino and Hispanic communities.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseHealthcare DisparitiesHealth Services AccessibilityHispanic or LatinoCOVID-19FemaleHumansLanguageLos AngelesWhitedementiadigital divideLatino and Hispanic individualsstructural determinants of healthweb accessibility

Identifiers

PMID40802979
PMCPMC12391846

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.